before 1865-purchased goods in india-imported gold,silver from -britain

in 1770-famine in bengal-1 million dead-one-third population,wiped

1793-Permanant Settlement introduced

Charles Cornwallis-governor general-india-during permanant settlement

rajas and taluqdars--called zamindars-settlement

permanant settlement created problems

early 19 century-company officials start new system of revenue

in 1822-englishman Holt Mackenzie started new system in north-west bengal presidency

collection of revenue and payment to the village headman-called mahalwari system

in british territories-same ideas of permanent settlement

1819-1826-Thomas Munro-governor of Madras

tried on small scale-Captain Alexander Read in areas where he fought with Tipu Sultan

few years after,new systems imposed-all not well with them

Kalamkari print of andhra pradesh,India

William Morris-floral cotton print--famous poet,artist-19 century-englishman

India, the biggest producer of indigo at that time

what?

why and where demand?

how?

1789-europe suffers indigo loss-turns to india

1788-only 30 percent of indigo was exported-1810, 95 percent was exported-drastic increase

planters found it tough to expand under this cultivation

led to conflicts and tension

one Bigha (a unit of land) of indigo cultivation=2 ploughs.1000 bighas=2000 ploughs-big problem

due to problem-only 25 percent cultivation is done in this method

under this system-planters forced to sign contract(satta)

this system acted as a good help to the people