MindMap Gallery English Grammar
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Edited at 2020-09-28 12:42:41Halloween has many faces. The theme you envision should influence how you decorate the party space. Jack-o'-lanterns and friendly ghosts are more lighthearted Halloween characters. Zombies, witches, and vampires are much darker. If you want to celebrate all the fun sides of Halloween, then it’s okay to mesh the cute with the frightening. Here is a mind map which lists down the 39 Cutest Couples Halloween Costumes of 2021.
Halloween simply wouldn't be Halloween without the movies that go along with it. There's nothing like a movie night filled with all the greatest chainsaw-wielding, spell-binding, hair-raising flicks to get you in the spooky season spirit. So, break out the stash of extra candy, turn off all the lights, lock every last door, and settle in for the best of the best Halloween movies. Here are the 35 Halloween movies listed on the mind map based on the year of release.
This mind map contains lots of interesting Halloween trivia, great tips for costumes and parties (including food, music, and drinks) and much more. It talks about the perfect Halloween night. Each step has been broken down into smaller steps to understand and plan better. Anybody can understand this Halloween mind map just by looking at it. It gives us full story of what is planned and how it is executed.
Halloween has many faces. The theme you envision should influence how you decorate the party space. Jack-o'-lanterns and friendly ghosts are more lighthearted Halloween characters. Zombies, witches, and vampires are much darker. If you want to celebrate all the fun sides of Halloween, then it’s okay to mesh the cute with the frightening. Here is a mind map which lists down the 39 Cutest Couples Halloween Costumes of 2021.
Halloween simply wouldn't be Halloween without the movies that go along with it. There's nothing like a movie night filled with all the greatest chainsaw-wielding, spell-binding, hair-raising flicks to get you in the spooky season spirit. So, break out the stash of extra candy, turn off all the lights, lock every last door, and settle in for the best of the best Halloween movies. Here are the 35 Halloween movies listed on the mind map based on the year of release.
This mind map contains lots of interesting Halloween trivia, great tips for costumes and parties (including food, music, and drinks) and much more. It talks about the perfect Halloween night. Each step has been broken down into smaller steps to understand and plan better. Anybody can understand this Halloween mind map just by looking at it. It gives us full story of what is planned and how it is executed.
English Grammar
Verbs & Verb Patterns
Forms
Finite
The tense
Simple
Present
Past
Compound
Present progressive
Past progressive
Future nonprogressive
Future progressive
Present perfect nonprogressive
Present perfect progressive
Past perfect nonprogressive
Past perfect progressive
Future perfect nonprogressive
Future perfect progressive
Examples
am
is
are
was
were
Nonfinite
The infinitive
(to) Present
(to) Perfect
The participle
Present
Past
The gerund
Examples
(to) be
(to) have been
being
been
Auxiliaries
Finites of do
Finites of be
Modal
Anomalous finite (AF)
Finites of do
Finites of be
Finites of modal auxiliaries
Functions
The formation of the negative
The formation of the interrogative
The interrogativenegative
Other examples of inversion
Avoidance of repetition
Tag questions
Responses
The emphatic affirmative
Adverb position
Not always anomalous
Is restricted to those finites whichcombine with not in this way
Not always auxiliary
Defective
Some parts are missing
Irregular
Intransitive
Has a subject but no object
Transitive
Must have an object
Modals
Tenses
Present
Continuous
Doing smth at or around the timeof speaking
Action is not complete
She is on her way to work. She isdriving to work
In the middle of doing smth = I'vestarted doing it and I haven'tfinished
Not at the time of speaking
I'm reading a really good book atthe moment
Temporary situations
Do things very often,
perhaps too often, or more oftenthan normal
I'm always losing things
Present for the future
Have already decided andarranged to do smth
More natural when we talk aboutpersonal arrangements
He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon
Be going to is also possible
What are you going to do onSaturday evening?
Do not use will
Action just before you begin to do smth
Especially with verbs ofmovement (go/come/leave etc.)
'Jess, are you ready yet?' 'Yes, I'm coming.'
Indicators
Additions
today
this week
this year
Verbs
get
change
become
increase
rise
fall
grow
improve
begin
start
Not used
see
hear
smell
taste
feel
Special
Think
consider
I'm thinking about whathappened. I often think about it
Be going to
Have already decided to dosmth, intend to do smth
I'm just going to make a quickphone call. Can you wait for me?
Perhaps not arranged to do smth
'Your shoes are dirty.' 'Yes, I know. I'm going todean them.' (=I've decided to clean them, but Ihaven't arranged to clean them)
Often the difference is very smalland either form is possible
The situation now makes it clearthat 'something is going tohappen'
Predict future happenings and situations
We know this from the situation now
The man isn't looking where he isgoing. He is going to walk into thewall
Look at those black clouds! lt'sgoing to rain. (the clouds are therenow)
Simple
Smth happens all the time or repeatedly
Permanent situations
I usually go away at weekends
Smth is true in general
The earth goes round the sun
Say how often we do things
I get up at 8 o'clock every morning
Present for the future
Talk about timetables, programmesetc. (for public transport, cinemasetc.)
My train leaves at 11.30, so Ineed to be at the station by 11.15
Talk about people if their plansare fixed like a timetable
I start my new job on Monday
The continuous is more usual forpersonal arrangements
Indicators
Additions
every morning
often
three times a year
Verbs
promise
apologise
suggest
advise
insist
agree
refuse
Special
Think
believe / have an opinion
I think Mary is Canadian, but I'm not sure
Have
For possession, relationships,illnesses etc.
No difference in meaning with have got
Lisa has two brothers. or Lisa'sgot two brothers
Cannot use continuous forms
For the past we use had (without got)
Questions and negative sentences also
Did you have a car when you wereliving in Paris?
Lisa had long hair when she was a child
Questions and negative sentences
Do you have any questions?
Have you got any questions?
Have you any questions?
For many actions andexperiences (but not have got)
Can use continuous forms
We're having a great time
Sometimes I have(= eat) asandwich for my lunch
Perfect
The action in the past has a result now
Done smth recently, and theresult is still active
'Where's your key?' 'I don't know.I've lost it' (he doesn't have his keynow)
A connection with now (about the
situation now, until now)
Smth has been finished. Are interestedin the result of the activity, not the activityitself
Do not use the present perfect ifthe situation now is different
They've gone away. They'll be back on Friday BUTThey went away, but I think they're back at homenow
Usually new information
Police have arrested two men inconnection with the robbery
A short time ago
Can also use the past simple
'Are you hungry?' 'No, I've just had lunch.'
Do not use the present perfectwhen you talk about a finished time
I got home late last night. I wasvery tired and went straight to bed
Smth happened sooner thanexpected; speaker is expecting smthto happen
'Don't forget to pay your electricitybill.' 'I've already paid it.'
Talk about a period of time thatcontinues from the past until now
Smth that began in the past andstill continues now
They have been married for 20 years
Have you ever eaten caviar?
'Have you read Hamlet?' 'No, Ihaven't read any of Shakespeare'splays.'
Periods are not finished at thetime of speaking
I haven't seen Tom this morning.Have you? (it is still morning)
The (first) time smth has happened
Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That'sthe third time he's phoned her thisevening
Indicators
Additions
just
already
Smth happened sooner than expected
yet
recently
in the Last few days
so far
since breakfast
today
this evening / week
this year
Special
Have got
For possession, relationships,illnesses etc.
No difference in meaning with have
They have a new car. or They'vegot a new car
Cannot use continuous forms
For the past we use had (without got)
Questions and negative sentences also
I didn't have my phone, so I couldn't call you
Lisa had long hair when she was a child
Questions and negative sentences
Does she have a car?
Has she got a car?
Has she a car?
For many actions and experiences
Perfect continuous
The activity is still happening orhas just stopped
A connection with now
Is it raining? No, but the groundis wet. lt has been raining
Tim is still wat ching TV. He'sbeen watching TV all day
Thinking of the activity. lt does not
matter whether it has been finished or not
There is paint on Kate's clothes.
She has been painting her bedroom
Actions repeated over a period of time
Silvia is a very good t ennis player.She's been playing since she waseight
Say how long (for something thatis still happening)
I'm learning Arabic, but I haven't been
learning it very long
Indicators
Additions
how long
for
since
how long
Not used
Special
Want & mean
I've been meaning to phone Jane,but I keep forgetting
Past
Continuous
Were in the middle of doing smthat a certain time
Had not finished doing
Started at 10 o'clock and finished at11.30. So, at 10.30 they were playingtennis
Situation had already startedbefore this time, but had notfinished
Use the past simple and the past continuoustogether to say that something happened in themiddle of something else
Matt phoned while we were having dinner
Indicators
Additions
when
while
Not used
know
want
Simple
Tells only about the past
Did smth at some
time in the past
He lost his key
Doesn't tell whether has theresult now or not
Now Tom has found his key. He has it now
Talk about a finished time in
the past
The situation now is different
lt stopped raining for a while, butnow it's raining again
New or recent happenings
I repaired the washing machine.lt's working OK now
Things that are not recent or new
Mozart was a composer. He wrotemore than 600 pieces of music
Continue to talk about new information
I've burnt myself. How did you do that?
Indicators
Additions
yesterday
ten minutes ago
in 2005
from 2007 to 2010
when I was a child
last night
Question
When
What time
Perfect
Talk about something that happened in the past(the starting point of the story), then want to talkabout things that happened before this time
When Sarah arrived at the party,Paul had already gone home
Karen didn't want to go to the cinemawith us because she'd already seen themovie
Perfect continuous
Smth had been happening for a periodof time before something elsehappened
When the boys came into the house, their clotheswere dirty, their hair was untidy and one of themhad a black eye. They'd been fighting
Not used
Future
Continuous
I will be in the middle of doing it
This time next week I'll be on holiday. I'llbe lying on the beach or swimming in thesea
Talk about complete actions in the future
Later in the programme, I'll betalking to the Minister ofEducation
Similar to (be) going to
Simple
Have just decided to do smth,announcing our decision
A new idea
Oh, I've left the door open. I'll go and shut it
Often use I think I'll ... and I don't think I'll ...
I feel a bit hungry. I think I'll havesomething to eat
Do not use will to talk about whatyou decided before
Are you working tomorrow?
Do not use will to say about arrangements
Diane is working next week
Offering / suggesting to do something
That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it
Shall I ... ? Shall we .. . ? to asksomebody's opinion
I've got no money. What shall Ido? (= What do you suggest?)
Agreeing to do something
Can you give Tim this book? Sure, I'llgive it to him when I see him thisafternoon
Promising to do something
Thanks for lending me the money.I'll pay you back on Friday
Asking somebody to dosomething (Will you ... ?)
Will you please turn the musicdown? I'm trying to concentrate
Smb refuses to do smth (won't)
I've tried to give her advice, butshe won't listen.
Predict a future happening or situation
Know or believe will happen
Anna looks completely differentnow. You won't recognise her
Indicators
Additions
probably
(I'm) sure
(I) think
(I) don't think
I wonder
Perfect
Smth will already be completebefore a time in the future
We're late. The film will already havestarted by the time we get to thecinema
Conditionals
Zero conditional
If + present simple
present simple
General or scientific facts and definitions
First conditional
If + present continuous / simple / perfect
will / may / might / can / could /should / ought to / have to +infinitive
Real or likely conditions in thepresent or future
Results in the present and future
Give instructions about real orlikely situations
Second conditional
If + past simple / continuous / could(was / were able to)
would / could (would be able to) /might + infinitive
Impossible, unlikely orhypothetical conditions in thepresent or future
Results in the present or future
Advice
If + was / were, would
Don't expect that smth will happen
Imagine smth that will not happen
If ... would
Ask somebody to do something
I would be grateful if you would letme know your decision
Third conditional
If + past perfect / simple / continuous
would / might / could / should +have + past particle
Hypothetical conditions in the past
Results in the past
Mixed conditional
If + past perfect / simple / continuous
would + infinitive
Hypothetical conditions in the past
Results in the present
If + past simple / continuous
would + have + past particle
Hypothetical present condition
Past result
Articles
Countable
Singular
a/an
Not a specific thing
What kind of thing (peron) smth (smb) is
That's a nice table
Smb has a long nose / nice face etc.
What smb's job is
First time talk about smth
Once a week / three time a day / £1.5 a kilo
etc.
the
Thinking of a specific thing
Обстоятельство
Причастный оборот
Smth has already been mentioned
It is clear in the situation which person or
thing we mean
The light in this room
The station in this town
Usual doctor
Specific bank
There is only one of smth (unique)
The before same (the same)
Type of animal / machine /musical instrument etc.
Have a piano vs. Play the piano
Names of people / names of places
Names with Republic, Kingdom,States etc.
Names of oceans, seas, rivers & canals
The north (of Brazil)
Names of most city streets / roads/ parks etc.
Names with of ...
The Bank of England
The Museum of Modern Art
Zero article
Noun + number
Platform 5
Room 126
Page 29
Thinking of a general idea of places & what
they are used for
Hospital
University
College
Television
The station
The theatre
The radio
The television
The television set
Names of people / names of places
Mr / Mrs / Captain / Doctor etc.
Mount
Lake
Northern Brazil
my
Cannot use alone
Plural
Some
A number of / a few of / a pair of
Some but not all
Talking about things in general
Any
Few
Many
Zero article
Thinking of a general idea of thing & what it
is used for
All cars have wheels
Children learn from playing
What kind of thing (peron) smth (smb) is
One of many stars
Those are nice chairs
Smb has a long nose / nice face etc.
Most people / most cars etc.
the
Thinking of a specific thing
Обстоятельство
Причастный оборот
the + adjective (group of people)
The young
The rich
The unemployed
the + nationality adjective
The English
A Frenchman
The Chinese
A Chinese
Mexicans
A Mexican
Uncountable
a/an
a ... of
Some
Any
Little
Much
Usually uncountable
News
Not plural
The news was depressing (notThe news were)
Information
Advice
Behaviour
Damage
Weather
Work
Progress
Permission