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MindMap Gallery Ancient Greek philosophy
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Ancient Greek philosophy
A mind map about the ancient Greek philosophy.
Edited at 2020-10-08 11:22:30- Recommended to you
- Outline
Philosophy
Plato
- Allegory of the cave
- The cave
- The visible world
- The man
- Socrates/Plato
- The prisoners
- Humanity
- Unable to understand thosewho are 'enlightened'
- The shadows + echos
- What we perceive as thewhole of reality
- Empirical knowledge
- Outside
- The eternal and immutable world
- Contains the perfect forms
- The Sun
- Enlightenment
- Form of the Good
- Going out
- Struggle for knowledge
- Battle against bodily desires
- Return to cave
- The attempt to explain newideas + philosophy
- Theory of the forms
- A PRIORI
- Independent of experience
- The soul drove us to theRealm of the Forms
- Forms = entities that existindependently of our world
- Perfect, timeless and immutable
- Our soul recognises reflectionsof the forms in this world
- 5 main forms
- Good
- Beauty
- Wisdom
- Truth
- Justice
- Critisisms
- People's idea of beauty etc.is very different
- e.g. Tracy Emin
- Therefore can the forms beuniversal?
- Plato doesn't account for theforms origin
- Can they be modelled onforms that pre-existed them
- If so that means that theyaren't timeless and immutable
- Many people don't seek thelight, the truth and goodness
- Plato said that this is whatthe soul does
Evil
- St Irenaeus
- John Hick
- Suffering is to make theworld 'a vale of soulmaking'
- Theodicy
- Suffering is necessary toprogress our souls
- Safeguards Gods omnipotence,benevolence and evil in oneargument
- Genesis
- Creator
- Gave mankind freedom =free will
- Our purpose is to be goodand seek good
- Benevolent OmnipotentOmniscient
- John Stuart Mill + JúrgenMoltman
- Said God was not all powerful
Cosmological Arguement
- Reliese on something elsefor its existance
- A POSTERIORI
- God is a cause within a cause
- Plato
- The final cause
- Aristole
- Timeless OmniscientOmnipotent Omnipotent
- Unchangable + immuutable
- Perfect
- LOVE
- Everything can 'be' or 'not be'
- So, given infinate time,everything will 'not be' AT SOMEPOINT
- If there was once nothing,then nothing can come from it
- Something has to exist -Angels(beings with infinatelife)
- Everything has to be causedand uncaused
- This cannot go one forever as itwould make the universemeaningless
- Therefore there must besomething that caused itself
- GOD
- Challenges
- There is a jump fromsomething that created theuniverse to God
- William of Ockham
- Things can cause somethingand then not conserve it
- Is there a link between cause+ effect?
- Is God the most perfect beingATM or the most perfect beingever?
Design arguement
- A POSTERIORI
- Teleological
- St Thomas Aquinus
- Summa Theologica
- The world could not havehappened by randomchance
- It has to have been designed
- There has to have to havebeen a designer
- Which is who we call God
- The whole design argumentis based on this idea
- The worlds complexity, pattern,order, function and purposesuggest design
- God
- William Paley
- Walking in heath and see's a...
- Stone
- Blind physical forces of theuniverse
- Watch/Nature
- Shows the elements of complexity,pattern, order, function and purpose
- Watch - Watchmaker
- Nature - Designer
- God
- Uses an ANALOGY
- Challenges
- David Hume
- Order = yes Design = no
- Reducto ad absurdem
- He takes the argumentseriously and to its extreme
- Many designers of a watch =Many designers of the world
- Polytheism
- How good is the design?
- It can't be very good
- e.g. Childbirth
- Pascal
- 'The God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob- not the God of the Philosophers'
- Charles Darwin
- Theory of Natural Selection
- The strongest survive topass on their genes
- Can explain the diversity of lifewithout referring to ethereal beings
- Kills the design argumentat the very first stage
- John Stuart Mill
- Poor design
- Not all powerful but is all good
Aristotle
- All things will change
- Some will decay and die
- Some will not decay and die
- Some things will not change
- Underpinning everythingthere is something
- Eternal and immutable
- GOD
- Four causes
- Material
- What its made of
- Efficient
- How its made
- Formal
- The expression/idea/plan
- Final
- The overall aim
- A POSTERIORI
- Dependant on experience