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Mindmap-Galerie General Psychology Problem Solving

General Psychology Problem Solving

This is a mind map about problem solving in general psychology. Problem solving is caused by a certain situation. According to certain goals, various cognitive activities, skills, etc. are applied. After a series of psychological operations, the problem is solved. The process of solving.

Bearbeitet um 2023-11-28 12:29:20

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General Psychology Problem Solving

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problem solved

concept

Problem solving is caused by a certain situation. According to a certain goal, various cognitive activities, skills, etc. are applied. After a series of psychological operations, it is the process of solving the problem.

type

According to the degree of clarity

clearly defined problem

Issues in which the initial state, target state, and a series of processes from the initial state to the target state are clear

vaguely defined issues

Without a clear description of the initial state of the goal or the goal state, or neither, these problems involve significant uncertainty.

Does the answerer have a rival?

adversarial question

When solving adversarial problems, you must not only consider your own problem-solving activities, but also consider the impact of your opponent's problem-solving activities.

Examples: chess, Go, poker

non-adversarial questions

Problem solving without the involvement of an opponent

Examples: algebraic problems, geometry problems

How much relevant knowledge the answerer has

semantically rich questions

The solver has a lot of relevant knowledge about the problem being solved

The problem of poor semantics

The problem solver has no relevant experience with the problem to be solved

Depends on how the problem is solved

Arrangement problem

Rearrange the information given to achieve a certain goal

Structure derivation problem

Based on the information given, deduce or summarize the relationship between objects

conversion problem

Convert the initial state to the target state through a series of operations

Problem-solving brain mechanisms

The frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex plays an important role in problem-solving activities

Patients with frontal lobe injuries can only make simple inferences based on certain characteristics of directly perceived things, but cannot discover the connections and relationships between them.

The left temporal lobe and parieto-occipital lobe of the brain are also closely related to problem solving

When the left temporal lobe is damaged, verbal and auditory memory is hampered, making it difficult to retain the conditions in question

problem solving strategies

algorithm strategy

Randomly search all possible solutions to the problem in the problem space until an efficient method is selected to solve the problem

heuristic strategy

Also known as the rule of thumb, it refers to an individual's search within the problem space based on certain knowledge and experience to achieve a problem-solving strategy.

means-ends analysis

Divide the goal state of the problem into several sub-goals, and ultimately achieve the overall goal by achieving a series of sub-goals.

mountain climbing

Using a certain method to gradually reduce the distance between the initial state and the target state is a method to solve the problem.

reverse search method

A problem-solving strategy that starts from the target state of the problem and gradually recurses to the current state according to the logical sequence of the goals.

Factors affecting problem solving

The role of knowledge and experience in problem solving

Differences in the amount of knowledge between experts and novices

The only difference between experts and novices is the way they organize themselves

The impact of irrelevant information

problem representation method

Mindset

Set: The readiness for activities caused by repeating previous mental operations determines the tendency of subsequent similar thinking activities. It has both positive and negative images

functional fixation

It means that individuals only see the normal functions of certain things when solving problems, but cannot see other aspects of their functions.

motivations and emotions

Within certain limits, the intensity of motivation is directly proportional to problem solving, but motivation that is too strong or too weak will reduce the effectiveness of problem solving.

interpersonal relationships

Conformity: When people solve problems, they often require the same approach as those around them

Mutual collaboration and mutual help within the team are positive factors that enable the problem to be solved quickly; on the contrary, mutual distrust and interpersonal tension will hinder the solution of the problem.

creativity and imagination

what is creativity

The psychological process in which people use novel ways to solve problems and produce new, socially valuable products.

psychological components of creativity

imagine

meaning

The process of processing and transforming existing images in the mind to create new images

Function

foresee

Supplement knowledge and experience

replace

It has a regulating effect on the physiological activities of the body and can change the process of peripheral body activities.

imaginary synthesis process

bond

People combine attributes, characteristics, and parts that have never been combined in objective things in their minds to form new images.

Exaggeration also known as emphasis

Form a new image in the mind by changing the normal characteristics of objective things, or highlighting certain characteristics and omitting others.

typification

The process of creating a new image based on the common characteristics of a type of things

types of imagination

Unintentional imagination

An imagination that arises unconsciously without a predetermined purpose. It is a process in which people involuntarily imagine something under the influence of certain stimuli when their consciousness is weakened.

intentionally imagine

It is an imagination carried out consciously and for a certain purpose.

Convergent thinking and divergent thinking

The Divergent Generation Test measures creativity using the fluency, flexibility, and uniqueness of divergent thinking.

fluency

Number of divergent projects per unit time

flexibility

Divergent project scope or dimensions

unique

Can provide extraordinary, unique and novel insights into problems.

long-distance association ability

The ability to see relationships between concepts that are distant from each other

Non-intellectual factors related to creativity