producer

consumer

decomposer

Mainly include sunlight, air, water and soil.

Organisms are connected to each other through food relationships to form a food chain

The food chains in the ecosystem are intertwined with each other to form a complex network, which is called a food web.

A food chain usually starts with a producer and ends with an apex predator.

The arrows in a food chain indicate the direction of energy flow, with energy gradually decreasing from producer to consumer.

The trophic levels in the food chain are ladder-like, and each trophic level can only get a part of the energy of the previous trophic level.

The greater the number and variety of organisms in the food web (the richer the biodiversity), the more stable the ecosystem (the stronger its ability to self-regulate).

Decomposers and abiotic components are not included in the food chain

Example

In ecology, the sum of all organisms in a certain link of the food chain is called a trophic level.

Often occurs along the food chain

The biosphere is the sum of various types of ecosystems on Earth and is the largest ecosystem on Earth.

upper atmosphere, upper lithosphere

Hydrosphere all

marine ecosystem

freshwater ecosystem

woodland ecosystem

grassland ecosystem

...