operators

Type conversions, Expressions

for loop, Nested Loops

if, if-else, if-elif-else Statements

Logical Operators

strings and number systems

Data encryption and decryption

Accessing Character and Substring in Strings

Conditional Iteration of While Loop

String Methods

Text Files

Gathering Information from a File System

Recursive Functions

list functions

Modules

Packages

Inheritance

Object Oriented Programming

overlapping and overloading operators

Case Study An ATM

Adding and retrieving dynamic attributes of classes

Raising Exceptions

Handling Exceptions

User-defined Exception

Defining Clean-up Actions, Redefined Clean-up Actions

Graphical User Interfaces

Introduction to Programming Concepts with Scratch