Iron toxicity occurs with ingestion of high doses of iron-containing substances.

The toxic dose is based on the amount of elemental iron ingested.

Prompt management is essential to prevent severe complications.

Initial measures include stabilization of the patient and assessment of the degree of toxicity.

Gastrointestinal decontamination may be necessary to remove excess iron.

Antidote therapy with chelating agents, such as deferoxamine, is initiated in severe cases.

Iron toxicity primarily involves the generation of reactive oxygen species.

Excess iron can cause cellular damage and oxidative stress.

Iron also interferes with mitochondrial function and disrupts cellular respiration.

Symptoms of iron toxicity include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

Severe cases may present with metabolic acidosis, shock, and multiorgan failure.

Early gastric lavage or administration of activated charcoal may be considered.

Whole bowel irrigation can be employed to remove iron tablets or extended-release preparations.

Deferoxamine is the mainstay of antidote therapy for severe iron toxicity.

It acts as a chelating agent and forms a stable complex with iron, facilitating its excretion.