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EdrawMindHistology and Embryology-Digestive Glands
MindMap Gallery Histology and Embryology-Digestive Glands
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Histology and Embryology-Digestive Glands
This is a mind map about histology and embryology - digestive glands. Their main function is to secrete digestive juices, which are discharged into the digestive tract to participate in digestion and absorption.
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Histology and Embryology-Digestive Glands
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
digestive glands
salivary glands
A general term for exocrine glands that open into the oral cavity through ducts
Minor salivary glands are located in the lamina propria, submucosa, or muscularis of the oral mucosa.
Major salivary glands mainly include 3 pairs of parotid glands, submandibular glands and sublingual glands
are located around the mouth
It is a compound duct-alveolar gland that opens into the oral cavity with a duct
General structure
acini
secretory part of gland
vesicular or tubular vesicular
Composed of a single layer of cuboidal or pyramidal glandular cells
There are myoepithelial cells between gland cells and basement membrane
Myoepithelial contraction facilitates discharge of acinar secretions
According to the morphology of gland cells and the nature of secretions
serous acini
surrounded by serous cells
The cytoplasm at the base of the cells is strongly eosinophilic
The nucleus is round and located at the base of the cell
Eosinophilic secretory granules in the apical cytoplasm
mucinous acini
surrounded by mucus cells
The nucleus is oblate and close to the base
mixed acini
It is common for several serous cells to be arranged in a half-moon shape and attached to the bottom or end of mucinous acini, so it is called "half-moon"
catheter
ducts that carry secretions from glands
According to the structure and distribution location of the catheter
Leap tube
directly connected to the acini
The tube wall is a single layer of flat or single layer of cuboidal epithelium
striate ducts, also known as secretory ducts
Connected to leap tube
The tube wall is a single layer of columnar epithelium
The nucleus is round and located at the top of the cell
Cytoplasmic eosinophilia
Cell base has vertical striated structure
interlobular duct and common duct
interlobular duct
formed by the confluence of striated ducts
The wall of the tube is single layer columnar epithelium or pseudostratified columnar epithelium
main duct
Characteristics of the three pairs of major salivary glands
parotid gland
The largest salivary gland in the body
liquid gonads
The intercalary canal is longer and the striate canal is shorter
salivary amylase
submandibular gland
for mixed glands
Mainly serous acini, less mucinous and mixed
Intercalary canal is short, striate canal is long
Contains salivary amylase and bioactive peptides
sublingual gland
for mixed glands
Mainly mucinous acini
No intercalary ducts, and the striate ducts are also shorter
The secretion is mainly mucus
saliva
Made from a mixture of secretions from major and minor salivary glands
The water and mucus in saliva lubricate the mouth
Saliva also contains lysozyme and interferon, which have the effect of resisting bacterial and viral invasion.
Gallbladder and bile duct
Mucous membrane
Surface is single layer columnar epithelium
Epithelial cells have functions such as secreting mucus and absorbing water and inorganic salts from bile.
The epithelium between the folds is depressed toward the lamina propria, forming mucosal sinuses
It is easy for bacteria or foreign matter to remain in the sinus, which is the cause of gallbladder inflammation.
Muscle layer
Smooth muscle, irregularly arranged
adventitia
The function of the gallbladder is to store and concentrate bile
liver
solid organ
The most important digestive gland
liver lobules
Basic structural and functional unit of liver
central vein
The cavity is large, the wall is thin, and there are small openings
Liver plate (3D)
Also known as hepatic cord (two-dimensional)
In sectioning, the liver plate is in the shape of cords
A plate-like structure (bumpy) formed by liver cells arranged in a single row
Between the liver plates are liver sinusoids, which are connected to each other through the holes in the liver plate.
Hepatocytes (the most basic structure of the liver)
Polyhedral shape
The cytoplasm is mostly eosinophilic
The nucleus is large and round, with one to several nucleoli
The number of polyploid liver cells is large → the liver has strong regenerative ability
There are 3 different functional surfaces: sinusoidal surface, bile canaliculi surface and hepatocyte junction surface
liver sinusoids
The sinus wall is surrounded by a layer of endothelial cells
The structure has greater permeability
Scattered macrophages (Kupffer cells)
Irregular shape
Cytoplasmic eosinophilia
There are pseudopods
Function: Process and present antigens; participate in the body's immune response; phagocytose and remove aging and damaged blood cells; kill tumor cells
perisinus space
The sinusoidal cavity is filled with plasma from the blood sinusoids, and the microvilli are immersed in it. It is the place where substances are exchanged between liver cells and blood.
Can't see with electron microscope
fat storage cells
The main feature is that the cytoplasm contains many lipid droplets of varying sizes.
bile canaliculi
No own wall structure
Tiny tubules formed by local plasma membrane depressions and connections at the junction of adjacent hepatocytes
Tight junctions and desmosomes are formed between adjacent liver cell membranes
To seal the intercellular space around the bile canaliculi and prevent bile from entering the perisinusoidal space through the intercellular channels of the liver.
Portal area
Interlobular veins, interlobular arteries, and interlobular bile ducts may be seen
Interlobular veins are branches of the portal vein
The interlobular bile duct wall is composed of a single layer of cuboidal or low columnar epithelium
liver blood circulation
Hepatic artery→interlobular artery→terminal hepatic arteriole↘ Hepatic sinusoids → central vein → sublobular vein → hepatic vein Portal vein → interlobular vein → terminal portal venule↗
pancreatic
exocrine department
acini
pure serous acini
compound duct alveolar gland
No myoepithelial cells between basement membrane and gland cells
pancreatic alveolar cells
Morphological characteristics of serous cells
The nucleus is round, the cytoplasm is basophilic, and the cells are pyramidal.
There are flat or cuboidal cells in the acinar cavity, called "alveolar heart cells"
catheter
Intercalated tubes are long and well developed
The part extending into the acinar cavity forms heart cells, and the rest is a single layer of flat or cuboidal epithelium.
Intercalated duct → intralobular duct → interlobular duct → main duct
Opening into the duodenum
From intralobular duct to main duct
The epithelium gradually changes from a single layer of cuboidal to a single layer of columnar epithelium, and the main duct is a single layer of tall columnar epithelium.
Pancreatic duct epithelium secretes water and electrolytes
pancreatic juice
Alkaline liquid (trypsin inhibitory molecule)
Water and electrolytes are mainly secreted by ductal epithelial cells
Department of Endocrine-Pancreatic Islet
A cells
secrete glucagon
Promote the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and increase blood sugar
B cells
The biggest amount
The main cells that make up the pancreatic islets
secrete insulin
Promote cells to absorb glucose in the blood to synthesize glycogen or convert it into fat, lowering blood sugar
D cells
secrete somatostatin
Acts on A, B, and PP cells through paracrine, inhibiting cell secretion activities
PP cells
Contains pancreatic polypeptide (sex inhibitory hormone)
Inhibit pancreatic juice secretion, gastrointestinal motility and gallbladder contraction