MindMap Gallery descriptive research
health statistics third chapter, Describe the distribution and occurrence and development patterns of diseases or health conditions, obtain clues to the causes, and propose causal hypotheses.
Edited at 2024-04-18 16:39:00One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
descriptive research
Overview
Features
Assignment of exposure factors is not random, and a control group is generally not established at the beginning of the study
Observation is the main research method, and no intervention measures are taken on the research subjects.
The temporal relationship between exposure and outcome cannot be determined
use
Describe the distribution and occurrence and development of diseases or health conditions
Obtain clues to the cause and propose a hypothesis of the cause
concept
type
Current situation research
ecological research
Correlation studies, which study the relationship between exposure and disease at a population level
Case Reports
Rare diseases, exploring their causes, are qualitative research
case series analysis
case study
Historical data analysis
follow-up study
ecological research
Overview
concept
Study the relationship between an exposure factor and disease at a population level, Using groups as the unit of observation and analysis By describing the exposure to a factor and the frequency of disease in different populations Analyze the relationship between exposure and disease
Features
group as unit
use
Provide clues to the cause
Evaluation effect
type
data collection
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
Can directly use existing data for research
It can provide clues to the cause of diseases with unknown causes for in-depth research.
shortcoming
ecological fallacy
The unit of observation and analysis is to integrate individuals with different situations into groups, which creates confounding factors.
Confounding factors are difficult to control
The cause and effect sequence is unknown
Current situation research
cross-sectional study
Overview
concept
By collecting and describing the distribution of disease or health conditions and related factors among people at a specific time point and within a specific range, thus providing clues to the cause for further research
Features (6)
No control group during the design phase
specific time
Unable to determine cause and effect sequence
Exposure factors inherent to the research subject can be used to make causal inferences
Use current exposure characteristics to substitute and estimate past conditions
Repeat regularly to obtain incidence data
type
census
Purpose(4) three mornings Epidemic distribution health level normal value range
Advantages (3)
Disadvantages (4)
sampling
use
Identify high-risk groups
Evaluate the effectiveness of disease surveillance and vaccination measures
Design and implementation
Research purposes
Type of Study
Research object (site)
Sample size and sampling method
sample size
expected prevalence
Allowable error
significance level
Sampling method
simple random sampling
system (Mechanical in a certain order, Draw one every certain number)
Stratification (stratified according to certain characteristics)
be divided in portion
optimal allocation
whole group
multi-stage
data collection
Data compilation and analysis
Common biases and controls (systematic errors)
random sampling instead of random sampling
Arbitrarily change the sampling method
Non-response bias (<70%)
survivorship bias
reporting, recall bias
Survey bias (individual emphasis on surveys)
measurement bias
mixed factors
Advantages and Disadvantages
advantage
The research results have strong generalization significance, and the reliability of estimating the population based on samples is high.
Results are comparable
Multiple causes can be observed in one investigation
shortcoming
Unable to determine cause and effect sequence
Unable to get incidence rate
Disease may be missed during the incubation period or preclinical stage
selection bias
The results cannot be extrapolated and lack representativeness