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EdrawMindInorganic Chemistry Song Tianyou Edition Chapter 13 Boron Family Elements Mind Map
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Inorganic Chemistry Song Tianyou Edition Chapter 13 Boron Family Elements Mind Map
This is a mind map about Chapter 13 Boron Group Elements. The main content includes: gallium, indium, thallium, aluminum element and its compounds, boron element and its compounds.
Edited at 2024-04-05 22:02:02- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
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Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Inorganic Chemistry Song Tianyou Edition Chapter 13 Boron Family Elements Mind Map
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
Chapter 13 Boron Group Elements
Aluminum element and its compounds
Aluminum element
Highlight physical properties and uses
Silvery white, light, good ductility, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, good reflector of light and heat
Aluminum is used to make daily necessities, cables and wires.
chemical properties
Aluminum's oxygen affinity
Reacts with water
Reaction with acids and bases
Smelting of aluminum metal
Aluminum oxygenates
Aluminum oxide
Aluminum hydroxide
preparation
nature
Both sexes
Easily dehydrated by heating
special reaction
Aluminum salts and aluminates
Important aluminum salts
Aluminum halide
physical properties
Preparation of anhydrous aluminum trichloride
structure
aluminum sulfate and alum
Preparation of aluminum sulfate
Similarities between Beryllium and Aluminum
Gallium, Indium, Thallium
Gallium, indium, thallium elements
Reacts with non-oxidizing acids
Reacts with oxidizing acids
Reacts with strong bases
Reacts with halogens
Compounds of gallium, indium and thallium
inert electron pair effect
Boron element and its compounds
floating theme
Boron element
Crystal structure of boron
Classification
crystalline boron
Brown powder, high chemical activity, high melting point and boiling point.
Amorphous boron
Dark gray, high hardness, high melting point and boiling point.
Regular dodecahedron (B12)
Chemical properties of boron
combustion reaction
973K 4B(s) 3O2(g)===2B2O3(s) △rH°＝-2887kJ/mol
React with non-metals
2B＋3X2＝2BX3 (heating) 2B＋N2＝2BN (high temperature) graphite structure 2B+3S＝B2S3 (high temperature)
Reacts with water vapor under red heat
2B＋6H2O==2H3BO3 3H2
Reacts with oxidizing acids
B+3HNO3 (concentrated)=H3BO3+3NO2↑ 2B+3H2SO4(concentrated)=2H3BO3+3SO2↑
In the presence of oxidants, eutectic with strong bases
2B＋2NaOH 3KNO3==2NaBO2 3KNO2＋H2O
React with metals
Boron reacts with almost all metals at high temperatures to form borides. It has the characteristics of high hardness, high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance. Metal borides generally do not comply with the atomic valence rules, such as MgB2, Cr4B, LaB6, Nb3B4, etc.
Preparation of elemental boron
High-temperature reduction with active metals such as Na, Mg, Al, etc. Boron oxide
B4O72-＋2H +5H2O＝4H3BO3↓ 2H3BO3==B2O3 3H2O B2O3＋2Al＝=Al2O3＋2B Amorphous boron (both formulas 2 and 3 require heating)
Reduction of boron halide with hydrogen to obtain crystalline boron
1373-1573K 2BBr3＋3H2========2B＋6HBr Ta silk
Direct thermal decomposition of boron iodide to obtain crystalline boron
1000K 2BI3======2B+3I2 Ta silk
Boron hydride
The composition of borane
general formula: BnHn 4: B2H6, B5H9 BnHn 6: B4H10, B5H11 Most borane are toxic, odorous, and unstable.
Properties of Diborane
Spontaneously ignites or explodes in the air and releases a large amount of heat
B2H6(g)+3O2(g)＝B2O3(s)+3H2O(g) △rH°＝-2166kJ/mol
A strong reducing agent that can react with strong oxidizing agents. For example: react with halogen to form boron halide
B2H6＋6X2＝2BX3＋6HX
B2H6 is easily hydrolyzed
B2H6 reacts with methanol
Thermal decomposition: B2H6 is stable below 373K, and breaks down above this temperature H2 is liberated and converted into higher borane.
B2H6 reacts with LiH to produce a reducing agent that is more reducible than B2H6 Stronger reducing agent lithium borohydride
B2H6 reacts with NH3
The structure of diborane
There are two types of chemical bonds in the B2H6 molecule: 4 B-H keys 2 three-center two-electron bonds (hydrogen bridge bonds)
Boranes may be derived from five bond types
Preparation of diborane
Boron-hydrogen complex
Preparation
nature
Oxygen compounds of boron
B2O3
Boric acid
Structure (B: sp2 hybridization)
Hydrogen bonds form a sheet-like structure, and the layers are attracted by van der Waals forces. Boric acid crystals have a slippery feel and can be used as a lubricant.
nature
water soluble
Small in cold water, easily soluble in hot water.
monobasic weak acid
Dehydration
Reacts with monohydric alcohol
condensation reaction
Borate
structure
Preparation of borax
Properties of borax
Borax is a white crystal that is easily weathered in dry air and loses water when heated.
Borax bead test (essentially B2O3 reaction)
hydrolysis
Formation of perborate
Generate boron nitride
Boron halide
halide
preparation
nature
Addition reaction with Lewis base (water, ether, alcohol, ammonia, etc.)
structure
Fluoboric acid
Preparation
nature