unconditional acceptance

sincere

Empathy

active attention

Preliminary preparation 1: Understand the visitor comprehensively and deeply. 2: Deeply understand the fixed patterns of visitor behavior 3: Determine the type and severity of the visitor’s psychological problem.

Interview content: 1. Who is the person, age, name, gender, and location. 2. What problem do you want to solve? 3. Under what circumstances did the incident occur? 4. Because of what happened, 5. Who are the relevant personnel? 6. The reason for the occurrence. 7 The perceptions, feelings, and emotional scale when it occurs.

Interview question skills:

Understanding the client’s thinking: the counselor’s thinking

Problem type and severity:

Client’s goals Counselor’s goals = Counseling goals.

mutually acceptable

Direction: Positive symbolic development required

Diagnosis: concrete, quantified

Execution: feasible

Evaluate: Assessable

The result: multi-layered, unified.

Main process - Starting with the problem - Determining the goal - Integrating the goal

Visitors don’t know where to start, and incidents are not trivial.

Consultant: Overly neutral, instilling values, blindly optimistic, unsuitable goals

Schools, different emphases

Consulting objectives

listen

Questioning techniques

Encourage technology

Repeat techniques

Content reaction

emotional response

Embodiment techniques—clarification

Participatory Overview

Non-verbal understanding and grasp

Confrontation (face-to-face support issues)

Interpretation Theory: New Theory, New Perspective

Guidance techniques: Do not impose, let the client understand and.

Emotional expression:

Content expression:

Self-opening (self-exposure)

Impact Overview:

Use of non-verbal behavior:

Standard for talking too much: Both parties describe a large amount of content that has nothing to do with the consultation.

Reasons: The counselor vented his feelings, the counselor's ability, poor logic, and too many explanations.

Types of talkative people: cathartic, confiding, hysterical, expressive, expressive, extroverted, concealing

Processing type: Catharsis - Urgent need to vent - Listen patiently Confession - emotional catharsis - patient listening Hysteria - exaggerating insignificant events - giving affirmation Manifest – talk less about yourself – give affirmation Confession - external attribution - listening, inspiring and guiding, recognizing mistakes Extroversion - Extroversion - Introducing question closing questions

Client stops answering probing questions

Silence type:

The client attempts to rely on the counselor to solve the problem directly

Reason: Consultant: impatient personality, consulting philosophy, unable to withstand temptation Visitor: Doesn’t understand the essence of consultation, has a lazy personality, and is unwilling to endure the pain of making a decision. Processing: The client understands the nature of the consultation and the consultant's philosophy and handles it in a timely manner.

The client transfers important emotions toward someone to the counselor

Positive transference: direct Negative transference: indirect

Solution: Judgment: The counselor becomes the emotional substitute of the client and has additional fantasies about the counselor. Positioning: normal phenomenon, excessive symptom. The result of subconscious repression. (plot). Treatment: Use empathy to guide the seeker to vent, understand, and deal with it strategically and resolutely as early as possible. (Zeigarnik effect)

A phenomenon in which the counselor's analysis is overt or concealed, and delays or resistance to the counselor's requests are made.

Theory: Psychoanalysis: It is the suppression of anxiety and the sum of mental defenses. Behavioral attention: disobedience to behavior modification and lack of environment for behavior change. Humanism: Defense of self-exposure, resistance to self-change.

Expression form: Speech level: rebellious silence, few words, multi-language (concealing, confessing) and the most active. Speech content: theoretical conversation, emotional venting, talking about trivial matters, and asking questions (mostly covert). Speech style: Extrapsychological attribution, forgetfulness (anxiety), compliance, topic control, and eventual exposure. Consulting relationship: Failure to fulfill arrangements, tempting consultants, treating guests and giving gifts. Enhance self-exposure.

Reason: growing pains functional disorder creative adjustments Confrontation Counselor No motivation to change

Treatment: good consultation relationship, correct diagnosis and analysis, sincere attitude, consultation skills (face-to-face) Purpose: To explain - to understand the reasons - to break through obstacles - to promote psychological consultation. .

Every time, every paragraph, the counselor and the client discuss and agree on the next step of the task, whether it is effective, whether there are obstacles, what to do next, assign homework, and consolidate and expand the consulting effect.

Form: Diverse content, focus on repetition, (be patient and confident in analyzing specific reasons). Handling errors: only certain results, basically no solution, reflection, supervision.

Time point: any time Content: Consulting objectives: Indicators: self-assessment of help seekers, Evaluation of people around Consultant observation and evaluation degree of social function recovery degree of symptom improvement Psychological scale measurement.

Consultation effect = consultation method, consultant, visitor

Contributing factors: Placebo effect, unreliable subjective reporting. The complexity of interactions.

Relaxation principle: Lange's peripheral theory: Emotions include subjective experiences, physiological reactions and expressions. Change the physiological response, and the subjective experience will also change. The muscles outside the endocrine system can be controlled at will.

Work procedure: Introduction principle: Visitors take the initiative and be enthusiastic Guidance and demonstration: reduce shyness and follow role models

Exercise: Relax your breathing, relax your muscles, and imagine relaxation.

Principle: Operant conditioning proposed by Skinner The client’s bad behaviors are learned in life. By promptly rewarding good behavior, diluting abnormal behavior and promoting good behavior.

Implementation steps: Make it clear that the target behavior can be repeatedly measured/observed/evaluated Monitor target behavior (baseline level) 1: Attractive 2: Internal and external simultaneously. Designing an intervention: identifying positive reinforcers Implement reinforcement: (timely reinforcement to prevent desensitization) social indirection. Tracking Assessment: Self-reinforcing cyclical assessment

Precautions

Indications: anorexia nervosa, partiality-anxiety, sexual perversion-hyperactivity-enuresis) learning difficulties.

Commonly used techniques: correction (reinforcement method, punishment method, extinction method, token management method) Behavior shapes, behavior fades.

Theory: (People are not bothered by things themselves, but by their perceptions of things) Allport, Ellis. ABCDE theory: A: inducing event, B: information, C: result, D: debate E: effect. Schacher's theory of emotions: Stimulus-physiology-evaluation. Through ideal analysis and logical dialectics, we change the client's irrational beliefs to help him solve his emotional and behavioral problems.

Irrational beliefs: Absolute, overgeneralized, terrible.

Counseling Goals: Imperfect Goals, Elimination of Symptoms Perfect goal: Reduce the probability of bad behaviors and emotions. (Irrational belief thinking is biological nature and will not be eradicated)

Counseling relationship: counselor-client/helper (guidance, persuasion, analysis, authority, information, debate)

Suitable people: younger, with higher intelligence and culture, and strong comprehension Unsuitable people: Refusal to change beliefs, excessive paranoia, difficulty in understanding, autism, acute schizophrenia

The Golden Rule: Socratic Teaching, Three Paragraph Arguments. It is wrong for you to be kind to others and ask for something in return.

Reasonable emotional imagination technology: (instill it yourself) Negativity: Enter negative situations, change negative emotional experiences, and stop imagining. Positive: Entering a positive situation, feeling support for action, positive emotions and goals.