MindMap Gallery High School Biology Compulsory Course One Cell
High school biology compulsory course one, cells are one A relatively independent unit, it not only has its own life, but also contributes to the overall life composed of other cells.
Edited at 2024-02-03 21:54:19One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
No relevant template
cell cell
composition
element
A lot
C H O N P S K Ca Mg
Trace amount
Mn Fe Zn Cu B Mo
compound
water
The molecule is highly polar
good solvent
material transport
Provide a liquid environment for biochemical reactions
Participate in biochemical reactions
hydrogen bond
High specific heat capacity
Maintain life system stability
Inorganic salt
Mammalian blood Ca ion deficiency
twitch
Na ion deficiency in human body
Reduced excitability of nerve and muscle cells
Muscle soreness and weakness
Mg
Chlorophyll
Most inorganic salts in cells exist in ionic form
Fe
heme
Na ions Cl ions
Extracellular fluid osmotic pressure is over 90%
buffer pair
carbohydrate
(CH2O)n
Monosaccharide
glucose
galactose
fructose
Ribose
deoxyribose
Sugar is the main energy substance
disaccharide
maltose
2*Glucose
Sucrose (brown sugar, white sugar, rock sugar)
glucose fructose
lactose
Glucose Galactose
Polysaccharides (most sugars in living organisms)
Starch (most common polysaccharide)
sweet dumpling
cellulose
Chitin (chitin)
Wastewater treatment (binding heavy metal ions)
wrapping paper
food additives
artificial skin
wait
wait
Lipids (O low H high)
Fat (three molecules of fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol)
Good energy storage substance in cells
Good thermal insulator, heat preservation
Buffer, reduce pressure, protect internal organs
Phospholipids (one -OH of glycerol is combined with phosphoric acid and its derivatives)
Contains P or even N
Various membranes
Human and animal brains, egg cells, livers, and soybean seeds are rich in content
sterol
cholesterol
Important components of animal cell membranes
Kunsu
Vitamin D
Humans and animals promote intestinal absorption of Ca P
protein
Structure determines function
The peptide chain twists and folds
Several peptide chains aggregate to form a complex spatial structure
Example: Hemoglobin glutamate is replaced
Sickle-shaped
The main person responsible for life activities
Make up cell structure
catalytic
Enzymes (a few are RNA)
Catalytic organic compounds produced by living cells
Efficiency
specificity
Mild action conditions
Optimum temperature
Cryopreservation
transportation
Send message
defense
Diversity
Number of amino acids
Amino acid species (side chain groups)
amino acid sequence
nucleic acid
Phosphate and (deoxy) ribose are linked alternately to form the backbone
is the substance that carries genetic information within cells
Plays an important role in the genetics, variation, and protein biosynthesis of organisms
Awesomeness
cell theory
reveals the unity of animals and plants
Illuminating the unity of the biological world
1. A cell is an organism. All animals and plants develop from cells and are composed of cells and cell products.
2. A cell is a relatively independent unit, which not only has its own life, but also contributes to the overall life composed of other cells.
3. New cells are produced by the division of old cells
Diversity (presence or absence of nuclei bounded by nuclear membrane)
Prokaryotic
Cyanobacteria
Phycocyanin & Chlorophyll
eukaryotic
structure
cell wall
protect, support
cell membrane
Separates cells from the outside environment
Controlling the movement of substances in and out of cells
Passive transport
free diffusion
diffusion
Osmosis (diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane)
protoplasm layer
between cell membrane and tonoplast
aiding proliferation
active transport
endocytosis
exchange information between cells
cell nucleus
It is a genetic information database and the control center of cell metabolism and genetics.
organelles
Ribosomal body
endoplasmic reticulum
Continuous, interconnected lumens
A place where proteins and other macromolecules are synthesized, processed and transported
golgi apparatus
Process, classify, and package proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
centrosome
animals and lower plants
related to mitosis
lysosomal body
Decompose aging and damaged organelles
Swallow and kill viruses and bacteria that invade cells
liquid bubble
cell fluid
Regulate the intracellular environment
Keep plant cells strong
Mitochondria
aerobic respiration
Complete oxidative decomposition
1 Cytoplasmic matrix
2 Mitochondrial matrix
3 Mitochondrial inner membrane
respiration
Oxidatively decomposes organic matter in cells and releases energy
anaerobic respiration
chloroplast
photosynthetic pigments
Chlorophyll
a
blue-green
Content No. 1
Dissolve 3rd
Blue-violet light & red light
b
yellow-green
Content No. 2
Dissolve No. 4
Absorb, transmit and convert light energy
carotenoids
carotene
orange yellow
Content 4th
Dissolve No. 1
blue violet light
Lutein
yellow
Content No. 3
Dissolve 2nd
photosynthesis
light reaction
thylakoid membrane
Oxygen comes from water oxygen
isotope labeling
Not radioactive (measure molecular mass)
Hydrogen 2
Carbon 13
Nitrogen 15
Oxygen 18
Sulfur 34
dark reaction
chloroplast stroma
fixation of carbon dioxide
Reduction of Carbon 3
Regeneration of Carbon 5