Principle 1: Meta-learning
First draw the map
The power of meta-learning maps
Core to the success of all super learning projects
Tell you how to reach your destination
How to draw a map
Short-term: Focus on improving meta-learning capabilities before and during the learning project
Long-term: The more super-learning projects you do, the more general meta-learning skills you master
Determine the why, what and how
Why study
Reason: Understand your motivation for learning
Strategy: Expert Interview Method
what to learn
Content: The knowledge and abilities you need to acquire in order to succeed
Strategy: Concepts & Facts & Procedures
how to learn
Method: Learning is the resources, environment and methods used
Strategy: Benchmarking & Emphasis/Elimination
How much planning should be done
10% rule & diminishing returns and calculation of marginal benefits
The vision of meta-learning
Improve overall meta-learning capabilities
Acquire new learning methods
Gain confidence and abandon self-doubt and procrastination
Principle 2: Focus
Sharpen your knife and keep it from chopping wood
Problem 1: Procrastination
unable to concentrate
Why procrastinate?
There is a desire within you that drives you to do something else
Disgust makes you not want to do the task at hand
Steps to Overcome Procrastination
1. Recognize when you are procrastinating
2. Tools: Five Minute Rule & Pomodoro Technique
Problem 2: Distraction
unable to concentrate
What kind of concentration can be best maintained - flow
Concentration method
1. Environment: Understand the work environment that works best for you
2. Task: Subtly change what you are doing
3. Brain: clear thinking and calm mind
Problem 3: Not finding the right focus
reason
Relating to the quality and direction of attention
Related to task complexity and excitement
Ways to improve concentration—start with small things
patient enough
persistent enough
Principle Three: Direct
Go forward courageously
immediate importance
learn directly
Closely link learning theory with actual use situations or environments
Direct learning is a hallmark of most hyperlearning projects
The simplest direct learning method - practice more in the areas you want to learn and achieve.
Migration: The stain on education
Transfer - taking what is learned in one environment and using it in another
Reasons for the disconnect
Migration is often harder when knowledge is limited
Most formal learning is indirect
Overcoming transfer problems using direct learning methods
1. Direct learning will greatly reduce the need for far transfer
2. Direct learning helps transfer knowledge to new learning environments
How to learn directly
Strategy 1: Project-based learning
Strategy 2: Immersive Learning
Strategy 3: Flight Simulator Method
Learn directly from the source
Principle 4: Training
Overcome weak links
Learn chemical reactions
Rate Control Step: Identify and isolate a rate-limiting step for dedicated training
Training and cognitive load
Rate-limiting step: Part of a complex skill determines the level of learning
The method of learning directly and then training repeatedly
1. Try practicing this skill directly
2. Analyze direct skills and try to isolate rate-limiting steps
3. Return to direct learning to integrate the learned knowledge or skills
training design strategy
Figure out when to train what
Training 1: Time segmentation
Design training programs that improve skills
Training 2: Cognitive Component
Repeatedly train a certain sub-skill
Training 4: Magnifying glass method
Training 5: Prerequisites
Principle 5: Search
Promote learning with side effects
test effect
Strategy testing for allocating limited study time
1. Review the text at once
2. Review the text repeatedly
3. Free recall and concept mapping
Test results - self-test, significantly better than all other cases
The paradox of learning
Paradox – Feeling like you don’t know the material well enough to test yourself
fact
Whether you're ready or not, search more efficiently
It would be better if the ability to search and find answers were combined
Is the difficulty desirable?
As long as the retrieval behavior is in the right direction, the more difficult the retrieval, the better the learning effect.
It would be better if the ability to search and find answers were combined
antecedent test effect
Practice retrieval, even before you get the answer right
What should be searched
Direct method, forcing you to search for problems that often occur during use
How to practice retrieval
Strategy 1: Memory Cards – Force yourself to recall main ideas and arguments
Strategy 2: Free Recall – Force yourself to recall the main ideas and arguments
Strategy 3: Question Set – Treat your notes as questions rather than answers
Strategy 4: Create your own challenges – create some challenging questions to answer later
Strategy 5: Closed book learning - turn information into knowledge and store it in the brain
Principle Six: Feedback
Don't shy away from negative reviews
The power of information
The meaning of feedback
The ability to provide timely feedback is an important factor in reaching expert level
Characteristics of feedback
Timeliness, accuracy and intensity
Feedback can be counterproductive
Feedback that is mishandled or fails to provide useful information
Fear of criticism, not negative feedback, blocks progress
What kind of feedback do you need?
Considerations
How to strengthen your practice
Type of feedback
Consequential feedback: Did you do something wrong?
Informative feedback: What did you do wrong?
Corrective feedback: How you fix mistakes
How fast should feedback be?
Outside the lab: immediate feedback
In-Lab Environment: Delayed Feedback
Recommend faster feedback
How to improve feedback
Strategy 1: Eliminate the Noise
Writing Articles: Modify and Select Feedback Streams to Focus on
Audio Processing: Using Filtering & Finding Proxy Signals
Blog writing: Counting how many people read the article to the end
Strategy 2: Reach the sweet spot
Adjust the learning environment
Strategy 3: Metafeedback
Test your own learning speed
Strategy 4: High intensity, rapid feedback
Put yourself in the context of appropriate feedback
beyond feedback
Get in the zone and take the hits
Remember the lessons learned from feedback
Principle 7: Remember
Don't add water to a leaky bucket
Why is it so hard to remember things?
How to forget knowledge
Forgetting Curve: New knowledge decays exponentially
Why is knowledge forgotten?
Decline: forgetfulness over time
Interference: overwriting old memories with new ones
Oblivion: Forgotten clues
how not to forget
Memory mechanism 1
Interval: repeat memory
Spaced-Repetition Learning System (SRS)
Semi-regular practice of skills
Memory mechanism 2
Programmatic: automatic persistence
Completely programmatically program a certain amount of knowledge
Memory mechanism 3
Keep improving: Practice makes perfect, beyond perfection
Core Exercises & Advanced Practice
Memory mechanism 4
Mnemonic: A picture is worth a thousand words
Obtain initial information when information is dense
Principle 8: Intuition
Think deeply before forming a gut feeling
How to develop intuition
reason
Merely spending a lot of time studying does not produce deep intuition
Feynman rules
1. Don’t give up on difficult problems easily
2. Understand through proof
3. Always start with a concrete example
4. Don’t deceive yourself
Feynman Technique
method
Write down the concept or question you want to understand
explain a concept or problem
Find answers when you're stuck
application
1. Something that I don’t understand at all
2. Problems that seem unsolvable
mysterious intuition
Study hard and spend a lot of spare time analyzing the essence of the problem
Principle 9: Experiment
Get out of your comfort zone and explore
Experimentation is the key to mastery
1. The early stages of learning a skill are often the easiest to master.
2. After mastering basic skills, your ability is more likely to enter a period of stagnation.
3. Creativity is becoming more and more important, and experimentation is becoming more and more important.
Type of test
1. Resource testing
Choose learning methods, materials and resources
2. Skill test
Choose an area of knowledge to master
3. Style experimentation
Choose the style you want to develop
experimental mentality
experimental thinking
Belief: You can improve the way you study
Model: An extension of the growth mindset
Test method
Strategy 2
Parallel comparison of various methods
Strategy 3
Introduce new constraints
Strategy 4
Find your superpowers among the skills you don’t want to turn off
Experimentation and uncertainty
Learning is a process of experimentation
Experiment 1: Learning Behavior
Experiment 2: Learning Methods
Have an experimental mentality
Be brave enough to step out of your comfort zone and explore
Wondershare EdrawMind
