Here are some keys to becoming an effective student. (1) Energy management (2) Don't study (3) Never procrastinate (4) Batch processing (5) Organized

Good energy management has two steps: (1) Increase your energy reserves. (2) Change your schedule from linear to circular.

(1) Do you exercise 3 to 5 times a week?

(2) Do you get seven or eight hours of sleep every night?

(3) What do you eat?

I suggest that you eat crude fiber and crudely processed foods. Such foods can keep your blood sugar levels stable throughout the day and avoid highs and lows.

2/3 of your body is made up of water, and the fastest way to make you lose energy is to become dehydrated.

(1) One day off a week.

(2) No work at night.

(3) Set 90 minutes.

Weekly/Daily Goal System

Week/Day Goal What are the benefits of the system?

(1) Workload. Batch processing is best used to put together scattered tasks that do not take a long time.

(2) Complete the job in one go.

(3) Raise the attention threshold.

(1) All items are placed in fixed locations.

(2) Carry a notepad with you. Record at any time every day, and over time, you will gain something.

(3) Stick to a calendar and to-do list.

1. Daily reading

2. Daily practice

3. Daily goals

Setting learning goals can give you appropriate arrangements under which you can expand and explore new knowledge. Such self-education is not random, but organized, systematic, planned and purposeful learning.

(1) Should I study a little every day or cram before the exam? It seems that the latter saves time, but in fact the former is more efficient.

(2) Are your notes and textbooks organized well? Although I like to study it once and get it done, sometimes we still need to review. If the study materials are messy and disorganized, it will definitely be a waste of time. The more organized the material is, the less stressful it will be to review.

(3) When studying, do you focus highly, or do you look around and be half-hearted? When I study, I never listen to music, play on my mobile phone or read messages. I always try to find a place where there are no people to study.

(1) Structure ─ ─ the sum of connections between knowledge about a certain subject. It is the city in your brain.

(2) Model ── compresses information into the most basic units, and the model is the seed of the structure. Methods of forming models include metaphor, internalization and diagramming. The model is the main intersections in your knowledge road traffic diagram.

(3) Highways - the connection between different structures helps creative thinking. “Think outside the box”

There are 5 steps to holistic learning

There are five types of information:

Note flow

Internalization

chart method

(1) Create a series of symbols that are easy to visualize. (2) Create connections between items. This connection is a "visible strange scene". (3) Establish a connection between the first entry and the trigger.

information compression

Holistic learning requires a variety of approaches to comprehensive learning, rather than trying to copy a perfect copy in the brain. Holistic learning is to use the rich neuron network already in your brain to absorb and integrate information. Holistic learning lies in creating a network of information. One piece of knowledge is interconnected with another piece of knowledge. Those interconnected knowledge networks enable you to truly fully understand the knowledge, so that you can easily control the knowledge.

Holistic learning is based on three main perspectives: (1) Structure (2) Model (3) Highway

The basis of holistic learning is to associate knowledge to achieve the purpose of memorizing and applying knowledge. The best techniques to start learning are metaphors, internalization, process-based note taking and charting. These methods form the basis of holistic learning.

Understanding is the result of a highly developed and perfect structure.

Establishing a good knowledge structure is to draw an excellent map, and to build a well-designed city. Therefore, when building a knowledge structure, your goal is to establish as many connections as possible between various kinds of knowledge. Smart people will do this naturally. Every time they learn a new concept, they will automatically connect it to other knowledge.

Establishing a knowledge structure is not a day's work. You must know that there is no magic technique to learn a lesson "immediately". A strong structure comes from the continuous connection between concepts, completing one idea at a time, and over time, it will happen naturally.

If the structure is the gateway to holistic learning, then the model is the key to the door. The model is a simplified structure. It is a snapshot of the structure, which is simpler and easier to store. Models are critical for learning new concepts quickly.

Models come in many forms, but the goal is always the same: to compress information. By linking some core concepts together, a model can be created. Models are very important when you start building a structure or adding content to the current structure.

The model is like the seed of the structure, the foundation and framework of a building, and the core concept of knowledge. On this basis, all knowledge will be extended.

The perceptual structure is the most basic structure and the basis for other structures.

The order of holistic learning: (1) acquisition (2) understanding (3) expansion (4) error correction (5) application

(1) Acquisition Acquisition means information entering your eyes and ears. Reading, taking notes in class, and various personal experiences are all acquisitions. The goal of the acquisition phase is to obtain accurate information and compress the amount of information as much as possible.

(2) Understanding Understanding is to understand the basic meaning of information and put it in context. This is the most basic connection for learning.

(3) Expansion The expansion stage is the most laborious part of holistic learning. This step will form models, highways and extensive connections, thereby obtaining a good structure.

(4) Error correction The error correction stage is to find errors in the model and highway. In this stage, invalid connections must be deleted.

(5) Application Application takes error correction to the final level, making adjustments by comparing (knowledge) how the information operates in reality. If the understanding does not match the real world, then no amount of understanding is useful. Typical examples of failure in this step are nerds, that is, those guys who read well but are at a loss when they leave the school gate.

(6) Testing Each step of the above stages requires testing. Testing will help you quickly find the problems in learning, help you improve learning techniques, and overcome shortcomings.

There are three main goals when acquiring information: (1) Simplification (2) Capacity (3) Speed

Simplify the representation and delete as much useless things as possible from the information obtained. Only those examples that are very helpful for you to form a model need to be studied carefully. If you feel you don't need to master it, feel free to skip it.

There are three levels of understanding of information in the holistic learning process. The higher the level, the deeper the understanding of information. The first is the understanding stage, followed by the expansion stage, and finally the application stage.

If you cannot understand a passage immediately, it does not mean that your learning is not holistic. My suggestion is that when you encounter a more difficult course, first try to break it down into smaller problems, narrow the scope, and figure out what you really can't understand. Only then can you read in depth and overcome obstacles.

There are three main ways to expand: in-depth expansion, horizontal expansion and vertical expansion.

The disadvantage of deep expansion is that it requires a lot of exploration. Some disciplines themselves provide a certain degree of in-depth expansion, but the depth is often not enough; some disciplines do not provide it at all, only isolated conclusions. In-depth expansion may be the best way to firmly lock in knowledge, but it is also the most time-consuming work.

Horizontal expansion requires establishing connections around knowledge, which usually means you need to build a model and establish a connection between the model and the original knowledge.

Vertical expansion is quite difficult and is also the most creative way of learning. However, if used properly, it can be much faster than exploring the background of knowledge in depth expansion.

Pass the test to determine what level your understanding of knowledge has reached? Here are some questions you need to ask yourself.

·Acquisition phase test ─ ─ Have I seen or heard this knowledge before?

·Test in the understanding stage - Do I understand the meaning of knowledge? (At least literally.)

·Testing in the expansion stage ── Do I know where the knowledge comes from and what knowledge is related to it?

·Testing during the correction phase ─ ─ Did I delete the inappropriate contacts? Did I delete those wrong conclusions?

·Testing in the application phase ─ ─ Did I apply the knowledge to real life?

The order of holistic learning is not an immutable linear order. You can go back and forth or jump between steps. After understanding, you can get it again. After expansion, you can jump directly to the application without error correction. Remember that it is multi-linear rather than unilinear.

You cannot process different types of information in the same way.

·Random information ·Perspective information ·Process information ·Concrete information ·Abstract information

Random information is a series of facts, dates, definitions, or rules that lack logical classification and are often encountered in school but rarely in the real world.

Random information is the least likely to be learned as a whole, if you need to memorize a lot of random information. The association method, the hooking method and the compression method can be somewhat helpful.

Opinion information is information about which there is controversy.

For opinion information, the biggest difficulty lies in the acquisition stage. You need to examine large amounts of information to look for patterns rather than memorizing specific details. Speed ​​reading skills are very important for gathering information.

The chart method is also a very useful method for ideas. It can help you extract key ideas after reading.

Process information is information that teaches you how to act. It is information that tells a series of actions and operations.

Most process information relies on the correct model. Through practice, a structure can be slowly formed. If you have the correct model, the learning speed can be increased. Here are some techniques that can improve the model:

·Internalization ·Metaphor method ·Chart method ·Model error correction

The biggest difficulty with process information is that it requires a substantial investment of time in practice. You can understand the concepts poorly, but you must actually master the actions.

The benefit of process information is that if practiced, it is remembered better and retained longer than other types of information. Through practice, you can better integrate the model with the knowledge structure.

Internalization helps connect information to multiple senses. For example, not only can you see an image of a heart pumping blood, but you can also add feelings and sounds to the picture.

Abstract information lacks direct contact with the senses.

Abstract information is the opposite of random information.

When dealing with abstract information, you need to move it to a concrete level. Holistic learners generally discard random information from courses, so they understand better than the average person, who is often unwilling to try to understand complex information.

Internalization and metaphor are crucial for simplifying complex knowledge, and model error correction is also very important, because the model established at the beginning always has various errors.

For abstract information, the understanding and development stages can seem unbearable. If you find it difficult to understand, you can slow down the speed of receiving information and explore the previous information in depth and carefully. This kind of knowledge is characterized by one link after another, so it is very important to lay a good foundation.

When learning abstract information, holistic learning has obvious advantages. By converting information into a form that is easier to imagine as an image, you can make broad connections to knowledge. Internalization and metaphor are the two main methods.

A bridge made of straw is not a strong structure, and a bridge made of steel must be very strong. Knowledge structures are also divided into strong and weak ones. If possible, strong structures should be used as much as possible. The random information structure is the weakest structure, making it difficult to conduct overall learning. It takes a long time to learn, and the practical application value is very limited. If possible, try to find possible logical structures in random information (finding order in disorder), which can help you remember.

An added benefit of holistic learning is that it forces you to look at subjects, courses and problems from a different perspective. Any knowledge can be transformed from abstract principles into vivid images and interesting stories.

Why do you want to learn it? What use does it have in your life?

If you want to go beyond knowledge itself, it is not enough to have enthusiasm. You have to find various ways to apply knowledge (even if you hate it now). Knowledge gains new meaning due to "use".

The most critical step in holistic learning is to apply the knowledge learned to practice. Knowledge is real knowledge only when it has gained value in real life.

Holistic learning makes your course more valuable. Through association, all opinions and knowledge will become useful. Try to connect your courses with things that interest you. Any knowledge learned must be explored for its practical use, especially for improving yourself.

A) Acquisition of knowledge 1) Quick reading 2) Note flow B) Linking ideas 1) Metaphor 2) Internalization 3) Chart method C) Processing of random information 1) Association method 2) Hook method 3) Information compression technology D) Knowledge expansion 1) Practical application 2) Model correction 3) Project-based learning

Speed ​​reading includes many techniques, enough to fill a book [one of my favorites is Speed ​​Reading Breakthrough (

(1) Pointing reading method (2) Practice reading method (3) Active reading method

When doing active reading, you need to write down: (1) What is the main idea in this section? (2) How can I remember the main ideas? (3) How do I expand the main idea and apply it.

Before trying to flow notes in class, get used to writing information in a "flow" manner. If you master the diagramming method and metaphor method introduced in the next chapter, you will do better in note flow.

(1) Difficult information. (2) Key information. The difficult information might be a series of dates, or a series of steps. There is no logical relationship between the steps. Difficult information may be abstract information or random information. In these cases, applying the association method can make the knowledge more memorable.

Key information is like the foundation of a building, which forms the basis for us to learn other knowledge. A beginning student of matrices will find determinants and row reduction to be very important issues. If these two points are not understood well, it will be even less possible to learn other knowledge based on this.

The metaphor method is not that simple. The speed of coming up with metaphors can be fast or slow, and the quality can be good or bad. How can we improve the speed and quality of using metaphors?

1. Have the desire to find metaphors. Unless you constantly ask yourself what kind of metaphor can best describe what you want to learn, you will get nothing.

2. Pay attention to the first thought that comes to mind

3. Optimize and test your metaphor

To internalize a piece of knowledge: The best way is to simply imagine an image in your mind. It is best if the knowledge itself has an image. Imagine a beam of light entering your eyes, passing through the rod cells and photoreceptors on the retina. The process of cones, and then into the brain via the optic nerve is certainly easier than imagining so-called moral philosophy.

Some learning experts believe that there are three main ways people learn: visual, auditory and motor. Visual learners (I think I am a typical visual learner) need information to be represented in the form of images to understand well; auditory learners need to convert information into sounds and instructions to understand well; Kinetic learners, on the other hand, need to touch and manipulate to better understand information.

How to internalize (1) Clarify the concept you want to internalize. Is this a biological process, a function in programming, or a mathematical concept?

(2) Start by establishing an image in your mind. If you are not used to internalizing, you can first try to draw a rough diagram of the concept on paper. After several attempts, you will imagine it directly in your mind.

(3) Are the images in your mind static or lifelike and dynamic scenes? Mastering a determinant requires several steps, so making the image move is like watching a movie.

(4) Now start adding other senses. Try to pick it up with your hands, touch it, open it, smell it, hear its sounds, use all the senses of your body and associate all the sensations with the image of movement.

(5) Add more feelings or emotions.

(6) Keep repeating and optimizing the image until you can quickly recall the knowledge as soon as you think of it.

The basis of a flow chart is to start with a simple element and then draw connecting arrows between this component and the different pieces of knowledge associated with it.

The most important thing about charts is to facilitate your understanding, rather than to pursue beautiful pictures. It is easy for people to pursue the so-called simple, clean and beautiful pictures, but then they have to spend a lot of time to understand their content. Both simple and messy images are fine as long as they meet your needs.

Concept Maps Concept maps tie ideas together and are closely related to the flow of notes. The relationships in a concept map are not different steps in a certain sequence or ideas arranged in date order, but the internal relationships between ideas.

Images Images are not a specific type of chart, but the charts they form are very important.

The method of processing random information requires continuous practice, and here is why. (1) Don’t use them often. I rarely use the association and hooking methods. Because they are not commonly used, practice is very important.

(2) These methods are relatively complex. The association method, hooking method and information compression technology rarely rely on intuition and require more practice to master well.

Steps to use association method

The first step is to create a sequence. First write down a lot of information you plan to remember on paper. Under the premise that you can understand it, quickly divide the information into several categories. It is very important to list the information to be processed into a linear list, because this is the only way to save data using the association method.

Step 2: Set a symbol for each item in the list. If the list is abstract information, you can design an easily identifiable symbol for each abstract information.

The third step: Create your own association. This step is the basis of the association idea. What you have to do is to create a vivid and exaggerated image that can connect the two symbols in the sequence together.

A common feature of connecting ideas and holistic learning methods is imagination. Don’t be shy, be bold in your imagination. The more exaggerated and peculiar the imagined image, the better the association effect. The same is true for holistic learning. The more connections and the more different, the better the learning effect.

Mnemonics are methods of storing several pieces of information using one phrase or word.

Note compression is a useful way to quickly master large amounts of material.

(1) Allows you to organize a large amount of information. Often, it is difficult to memorize hundreds of facts, concepts, and ideas during a class period and to categorize them completely, but it is much easier to organize the information if it is only two or three pages. .

(2) Easier to establish contact. After the information is compressed, you can observe the entire structure of the course more carefully, allowing you to better establish connections between knowledge.

Steps to compress notes (1) Get a few blank sheets of paper. Be prepared to compress your notes. This exercise may take an hour or two, so make sure you have that much time.

(2) Use the smallest words to write down the main points in the notes. Use as few words as possible.

(3) Then write down the ideas, formulas, concepts or definitions associated with it. Write as small and as few words as possible to save space.

(4) Continue the above process of freely writing down ideas until every main idea in the notes has been written down. In the end, you will get about 1 to 3 pieces of paper densely filled with information.

(5) Sometimes, you can go a step further and process and modify the compressed content above to make it more organized and better-looking.

(1) Start with small projects.

(2) Record it. Recording the process of completing the project on paper and recording the work progress on paper will strengthen your self-confidence. Reading through the previous work will stimulate your desire to continue.

(3) Create a meaningful goal.