MindMap Gallery Psychology Chapter 9 Personality and Personality Tendencies
This is a mind map about Chapter 9 of Psychology: Personality and Personality Tendency. Personality is an individual’s unique and relatively stable psychological behavior pattern.
Edited at 2024-01-13 15:55:48One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Personality and personality tendencies
Personality Overview
meaning of personality
Personality is an individual’s unique and relatively stable psychological behavior pattern
Classification
internal psychological characteristics
external behavior
personality traits
integrity of personality
Personality is a unified overall structure
The components of each person's personality are not isolated. They are interconnected and restrict each other to form a complete system.
Personality stability and plasticity
Personality is stable
The stability of personality is relative and not static.
An individual's accidental performance in behavior cannot express his personality. Only relatively stable and frequently displayed psychological behaviors in behavior can express his personality.
Personality is malleable
Personality develops under the interaction of subjective and objective conditions, and at the same time changes under the interaction of subjective and objective conditions.
Children's personalities are not yet stable and are greatly affected by the environment.
The personality of adults is relatively stable, but self-regulation plays an important role in personality changes.
Personality is the unity of stability and plasticity
Human being is a highly self-regulated system
Example: Adversity can make people depressed, but through self-regulation, people can also make themselves stronger.
uniqueness of personality
No one has exactly the same personality
It’s not that there are no similarities in personality between people.
Personality includes both the commonalities between people and the differences between people.
social and biological aspects of personality
Human personality is not only restricted by biological factors, but also by social factors
These two factors cannot be equated. It is social living conditions that play a decisive role in the formation and development of personality.
Biological factors only provide the possibility for personality development, and social factors can transform this possibility into reality.
psychological structure of personality
personality tendencies
meaning
The basic motivation for people to carry out activities is the most active factor in the personality structure
Considered to be a motivational system based on human needs
include
need
The source of personality tendency and even the positivity of the entire personality, the basis of personality tendency, which is expressed in the form of motivation, interest and belief.
motivation
interest
ideal
belief
world view
Less affected by physiological factors, mainly formed during acquired socialization process interrelated, mutually influencing and mutually restricting
Personality psychological characteristics
meaning
Refers to the psychological characteristics that are frequently and stably displayed in a person
Classification
ability
temperament
character
Formed earlier and affected to varying degrees by physiological factors
Personality tendencies and personality psychological characteristics are interpenetrating, influencing each other, and intricately intertwined.
Personality psychological characteristics are regulated by personality tendencies and will also affect personality tendencies to a certain extent.
need
need meaning
Needs are the human brain’s reflection of physiological needs and social needs
It is an internal state/tendency of an individual, reflecting the individual’s relatively stable requirements for the internal environment and external life conditions.
Reflects individual dependence on objective reality
importance of need
It is the source of individual behavioral positivity
The stronger the need, the more powerful the activities caused by it. It is the driving force for individual activities.
Without need, there would be no human activities
Needs are always dynamic and do not end with temporary satisfaction
After some needs are satisfied, new needs will arise, and the new needs will push people to engage in new activities.
There are some features that require obvious periodicity
e.g. need for food and sleep
It is the internal driving force of the individual cognitive process
In order to satisfy needs, individuals must complete certain tasks through the cognitive process
Emotions are people’s reflection of the relationship between objective things and people’s needs
Whatever can satisfy people's needs, people will have positive emotions about it, otherwise they will have negative emotions
Need to promote the development of will
In order to satisfy needs, individuals engage in certain activities and must use a certain amount of willpower to overcome difficulties.
Required classification
origin of need
physiological needs
Often with obvious periodicity
meaning
The needs of an individual to maintain life and procreate
feature
It is the most primitive and basic need of human beings and is shared by humans and animals.
However, there are essential differences between human physiological needs and animal physiological needs.
social needs
meaning
It is the need that human beings form in social life to maintain the existence and development of society.
eg. The need for knowledge, morality, and labor
importance
It is a necessary condition for the existence and development of society
feature
unique to humans
Restricted by social living conditions and social and historical
Required objects
material needs
Need for items related to food, clothing, housing and transportation
Includes both physiological needs and social needs
spiritual needs
Refers to cognitive needs, aesthetic needs, communication needs, moral needs and creative needs, etc., which are unique needs of human beings.
Several major theories needed in contemporary psychology
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
Divide people's needs into two categories
Basic needs
Physiological needs
security needs
Belonging and love needs
respect needs
Connected with human instincts and related to a person's health status, lack of which can cause disease
growth needs
cognitive needs
aesthetic needs
self-actualization needs
Not dominated by instinct, not influenced by people's direct desires, driven by the realization of one's own potential
These two types of needs are arranged in a ladder-like manner according to their direct survival significance and life significance.
self-actualization needs
aesthetic needs
cognitive needs
respect needs
Belonging and love needs
security needs
Physiological needs
Maslow believes that human needs are hierarchical, and that various basic human needs are interrelated, interdependent, and overlapping, and are a system organized hierarchically.
Only when lower-level needs are basically satisfied will higher-level needs appear, and only after all needs are satisfied one after another will self-actualization needs appear.
Maslow's classification of needs in his later years
Super need
Meet the needs of a person's unique potential
self-actualization needs
respect needs
Belonging and love needs
psychological needs
security needs
Physiological needs
Basic needs
The development process of personal needs structure evolves in waves, and the advantages of various needs evolve from one level to another.
alderf's need theory
A person’s basic needs are three ERG theories
E (existence) survival needs
R (relatedness) the need to maintain interpersonal relationships
G (growth) growth needs, that is, people have an inherent desire for development
Needs are not a hierarchy, but a continuum
Human needs do not necessarily develop from lower to higher levels in a strict sequence, but can leapfrog and regress.
The less the needs at each level are satisfied, the stronger the desire to satisfy this need
The satisfaction of the low level will strengthen the pursuit of the high level; the lack of the high level will strengthen the pursuit of the low level.
McClelland's needs theory
After an individual's basic survival needs are met, his or her behavior depends on whether achievement needs, power needs, and gregarious needs are met. The hierarchy and repetitiveness of these three needs are different for everyone
motivation
meaning of motivation
Motivation is the reason for action to achieve a certain purpose
Motivation can be conscious or unconscious
conditions for motivation
internal conditions
need
F
inducement
Positive incentives
Individuals tend toward inducements and are satisfied
negative inducement
Individuals gain satisfaction from escaping or avoiding temptations
example
For hungry people, food is a positive inducement, and being punished for stealing food is a negative inducement.
motivation function
trigger function
Guidance function
Incentive function
Classification of motives
origin of motivation
physiological motivation
derived from physiological needs
social motivation
psychological motivation
Derived from social needs
persistent characteristics
It's learned
Two main social motivations
achievement motivation
Atkinson believes that people will have two psychological tendencies when competing.
motivation for achievement
Tend to do jobs of moderate difficulty
motivation to avoid failure
Tend to do difficult or easy tasks with little chance of success
Factors affecting achievement motivation
family Education
Teachers' words and deeds
People who regularly participate in competitions and competitive activities are more motivated to achieve than the average person
Students' academic performance is positively related to their achievement motivation
Personal views on job difficulty
individual factors
The strength of a group's achievement motivation is related to the natural environment and social and cultural conditions
Motives for communication
Also known as affinity motivation
Fear increases gregariousness and worry decreases gregariousness
Scope and duration of impact
long-term, general motivation
Temporary, concrete motivation
nature and social value
noble motive
lower motives
The effect of motivation on activities
dominant motive
auxiliary motivation
motivational consciousness
conscious motivation
subconscious motivation
interest
meaning of interest
The psychological tendency of an individual to seek to understand something or engage in an activity
Human interest occurs and develops in activities on the basis of needs.
role of interest
Interest is a huge motivation for understanding and engaging in activities
Interest is an important factor in attracting and maintaining attention
Interest is the key to developing intelligence and promotes intellectual development
Classification of interests
content
material interests
spiritual interest
Target
direct interest
Interest in the process of the activity itself
eg. Interest in solving geometry problems
indirect interest
interest in activity results
e.g. Interest in studying to get into university
quality of interest
breadth of interest
scope of individual interests
Generally speaking, the broader your interests and the richer your knowledge, the easier it is to succeed in your career.
A good interest should have a central interest based on broad interests
tendency of interest
What is the individual interested in?
There are noble and low levels
noble
Be interested in things that are beneficial to human society
Low level
Be interested in things that are harmful to human society
It is caused by people's life practice and education, and is restricted by certain social and historical conditions.
Persistence of interest (stability of interest)
The degree to which individual interests are stable
Persistence of interest can be cultivated
interest efficacy
The power of individual interests to drive activities
valid interest
Invalid interest
ideals, beliefs and worldview
ideal
meaning
An individual’s yearning and pursuit of goals that may be achieved in the future
Ideal is a person’s goal
Classification
content
social ideal
personal ideal
Cognitive ability
specific image ideal
Comprehensive image ideal
general ideal
Ideals are formed and developed under the influence of family education, school education and social environment
belief
meaning
A personality tendency that firmly believes in the correctness of a certain point of view and governs one's actions
Formation method
direct experience
eg. Belief that sugar is sweet comes from personal taste in sugar.
indirect experience
Experience from secondary sources such as books, newspapers, TV, etc.
inference
Features
belief having conviction
Beliefs are stable
Beliefs make individuals stable and clear, as well as proactive and positive
world view
meaning
A system of beliefs, a person's fundamental view of the world
Everyone has his or her own worldview, and a personal worldview is a component of personal consciousness.
Worldview is the highest level of personality tendency. It is the highest regulator of personal behavior and restricts the entire psychological outlook of the individual.
Outlook on life is the fundamental perspective on life and an integral part of the worldview
organically connected and restricted by social and historical conditions