MindMap Gallery Japanese
This is a mind map about Japanese. Learning Japanese is a process that requires patience and continuous practice. I hope this mind map can help you learn Japanese better.
Edited at 2024-01-13 15:42:22One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Japanese
entry unit
fifty tones
vowel
あ, い, う, え, お
dial tone
ん appears at the end of a syllable - the pronunciation of ん changes depending on the following syllables
①Pronounce "m" before ぱ, ば, and ま → さんぽ
②Pronounce "n" before た, だ, ら, な → はんとう
③Pronounce "ng" in other syllables (such as か, が, etc.) or at the end of words → ねんあい
Acoustic sound
There is one syllable that is actually inaudible - it only occurs before the lines か, さ, た, and は
long sound
A short sound counts as one beat, and a long sound counts as two beats. The pronunciation remains unchanged and you only need to lengthen the sound by one beat.
あdankana followed by あ represents a long sound
いdankana followed by い represents a long sound
うdankana followed by う represents a long sound
えdankana is followed by い, and occasionally え indicates a long sound.
おdankana is followed by う, and occasionally followed by お to indicate a long sound
All long sounds in katakana are represented by the macron symbol "one"
first lesson
~Yes~
noun は (prompt topic) noun です
e.g.
李さんは中文です. (Xiao Li is Chinese.)
~No~
Negative sentences of sentences that are both nouns
Noun は Noun では(じゃ——Spoken) ありません
e.g.
李さんは student ではありません. (Mr. Li is not a student.)
~Yes~?
Questions about sentences that are all nouns
noun は noun ですか
answer
はい,(そうです)。
いいえ,(ちがいます)。
分かりません。(不知道)
e.g.
あなたはOno さんですか. (Are you Ms. Ono?) はい, Ono です.
キムさんは中文ですか. (Is Ms. Jin Chinese?) いいえ, Chinese ではありません.
Indicates the institution, country and attributes to which it belongs
noun の(的) noun
In Japanese, no matter what the relationship between nouns is, generally add の
e.g.
李さんは Mr. です of University. (Mr. Li is a university teacher.)
Second lesson
これask and それanswer それAsk and これAnswer あれAsk あれAnswer
"This, that"
___ は ___ です.
when referring to things
near→far:これ→それ→あれ
e.g.
これは本です. (This is a book.)
それはかばんです. (That's the bag)
あれはてレビです. (That's a TV)
When modifying a noun
この(thing/person)
このカメラはスミスさんのです. (This camera belongs to Mr. Smith.)
Duplicate カメラ is omitted
その(thing/person)
その自転车は松さんのです. (That bicycle belongs to Mr. Mori.)
あの(thing/person)
あのノートはだれのですか. (Whose notebook is that?)
When referring to a place
near→far:ここ→そこ→あそこ
e.g.
ここはデパートです. (This is a department store.)
そこは図书馆です. (That's the library.)
あそこは入り口です. (That's the entrance.)
Question words
Ask who it is
だれ(どなた) か
だれ is used when the other person is of equal or lower status than you, and どなた is used when you are talking to someone who is superior to you or someone who is higher than you.
eg.
スミスさんはどなたですか。
e.g.
あの人はだれですか. (who's that person?)
あれはだれの umbrella ですか. (Whose umbrella is that?)
あのノートはだれのですか. (Whose notebook is that?)
Ask what it is
He か
e.g.
それは何ですか. (what is that?)
There are more than three things, and you can’t be sure which one they are.
Use alone
どれ
e.g.
Mori さんのかばんはどれですか.
Modify noun
どの
e.g.
Ono's machine is the same. (Which table is Ms. Ono’s table?)
Ask about the place
どこ か
Honorific どちら
e.g.
テレビはどこですか.
Contemporary things これ それ あれ どれ/何 Conjoined words この その あの どの Generation location ここ そこ あそこ どこ Honorific words for place: こちら そちら あちら どちら
Lesson Three
★Floor
ここ, そこ, あそこ (See Lesson 2)
"Noun" exists in "noun (place)"
noun は noun (place) です
e.g.
The cafeteria is on the 7th floor. (The cafeteria is on the 7th floor of the department store.)
トイレはここです. (The toilet is here.)
Ono Yusuke's office. (Ms. Ono is in the office.)
Ask about the place (see Lesson 2)
"also"
noun も noun です
e.g.
李さんは中文です. Zhang さんも中文です.
Ask for multiple possible answers
noun は noun ですか, noun ですか
e.g.
Today is the day of the water and the day of the day.
Ask for price
noun は いくら ですか
e.g.
これはいくらですか. (how much is this?)
Fourth lesson
あります(without will)/います(with will)
~Yes~
Noun (place) に Noun (object/person) あります/います
Negative sentence: ありません / いません Interrogative sentence: 部屋に机がありますか / 部屋に 何 が ありますか.
e.g.
The house is full of fun.
The house is a cat.
~in~
Noun (thing/person) は Noun (place) あります/います
Negative sentence: ありません / いません Interrogative sentence: 机は どこに ありますか.
e.g.
いすは部屋にあります.
The child is provided with a house.
and
と
ビルとテレビ
means up and down, inside and outside, front and back, side
Noun の Upper/lower/middle/outside/front/backろ/neighbor
On board
To express confirmation with others
ね
express total denial
Question word も verb (negative)
e.g.
Classroomにだれもいません. (No one is in the classroom)
Classroomに何もありません. (There is nothing in the classroom)
fifth lesson
★Time, week
indicates the current time
Today ~hour~minuteです
When both parties clearly mention the current time, today can be omitted. Ask for specific time when
e.g.
It's 4 o'clock today.
When is it today? 8:30am.
tense
Not the past
verb ます
李さんは 働きます every day. (Mr. Mori works every day.)
Tomorrow will be closed tomorrow. (Mr. Mori is off tomorrow.)
non-past negation
verb ません
Mori さんは Today 働きません. (Mr. Sen is not working today.)
Tomorrow will be closed tomorrow. (Mr. Mori will not have a day off tomorrow)
past
verb ました
Mori さんは first Zhou Xiu みました. (Mr. Mori was off last week.)
past negation
verb ませんでした
privy yesterday 働きませんでした. (I didn't go to work yesterday.)
Indicates the time when an action occurs
noun (time) verb
When describing a time or day of the week that contains numbers, add に after it. But words such as today, tomorrow, yesterday, every day, last year, next year, etc. cannot be followed by に
e.g.
Mori さんは 7 o'clock に きまし. (Mr. Mori gets up at 7 o'clock.)
Indicates that an action occurs during a certain period
noun (time) から noun (time) まで verb
から and まで can be used alone
わたしの9時から働きます。(我从9点开始工作。)
森さんは2時まで勉強します。(森先生学习到两点。)
e.g.
わたしは9时から5时まで働きます. (I work from 9 to 5.)
It's 9 o'clock and it's 5 o'clock.
Asking when an action or situation took place
When asking about the beginning or end of a continuous action or state of affairs
いつから、何曜日まで
展覧会はいつから始まりますか。(展览会什么时候开始?)
張さんは何曜日まで休みますか。(小张休息到星期几?) 火曜日までです。
いつ verb ますか
When asking about a very specific time, add に after the word indicating time, such as when に, 何曜日に, 何日に
仕事は何時に終わりますか。(工作几点结束?)
Try the best. (When does the exam start?)
は can also express comparison
Lesson Six
いきます(行きます)Go / かえります(帰ります)Come back, go back / きます(来ます)Come
Indicates the destination of movement
Noun [place] へ (read え) verb
e.g.
Yoshida さんは中国へ行きまぢ. (Mr. Yoshida went to China.)
Mori さんは日本へ帰ります. (Mr. Mori returns to Japan.)
李さんはどこへ行きましたか. (Where did Xiao Li go?)
Indicates the starting point of movement
noun [place] からverb
e.g.
Li Yunxi came to Beijing first. (Xiao Li came from Beijing last month.)
あの方はどこから来ましたか. (Where did that person come from?)
Indicates an object that does something together
noun [person] and verb
e.g.
Ono Yuda and Yuda Yuda. (Ms. Ono went back with her friends.)
李さんはだれと日本ヘ来ましたか. (Who did Xiao Li come to Japan with?)
Indicates the means of transportation used
noun [transport] and verb
e.g.
Shanghai is a flying machine. (Go to Shanghai by plane.)
李さんは歩いて帰りました. (Xiao Li walks back.)
Kyoto is the place where it comes from. (How did you come to Kyoto?)
He reads なに, why is なん
Represents the starting point and end point of movement
noun [place] から noun [place] まで verb
e.g.
李さんは駅からアパートまで歩いて帰りました. (Xiao Li walked back to the apartment from the station.)
に/で/へ/から/まで/と は means emphasis
Lesson Seven
moving object
object を verb
place of action
Noun (place) and verb
e.g.
李さんは図书馆でgrudgingします. (Xiao Li is studying in the library.)
Today's news is news. (Where did you read the newspaper today?)
Choose from several nouns
noun か noun
e.g.
わたしはEvery morningパンかお禾を食べます. (I eat bread or porridge every morning.)
Buy something or order at a restaurant
noun を ください
e.g.
コーラとケーキをください. (Please give me Coke and cake.)
この本をください. (I buy this book.)
Lesson Eight
Represents other means and raw materials
Noun (tool) and verb
e.g.
李さんは日本语で toilet paper を书きます. (Xiao Li wrote in Japanese)
何でうどんを为りますか. (What are you using to make noodles?)
Give
あげます
Noun (person) は Noun (receiver) に Noun (item) を あげます
e.g.
My younger brother, Ono, is a beautiful flower. (My brother sent flowers to Ms. Ono.)
get, accept
もらいます
Noun (person) は Noun (giver) に/から Noun (item) を もらいます
When one of the third persons is a relative of the speaker, it is handled according to the speaker's perspective
eg.
母は小野さんにパンかチをもらいます。
e.g.
わたしはOno さんに (から) dictionary をもらいます. (I got a dictionary from Ms. Ono/Ms. Ono gave me a dictionary.)
See
会います
Noun (person) に 会います
e.g.
李さんはTomorrow Nagashima さんに会います. (Xiao Li will see Mr. Nagashima tomorrow.)
Remind the other person of things they don’t know or understand
よ
means "already"
もう verb ました
Yes
はい, もう食べました.
negative answer
いいえ, まだです いいえ, たべでいません
Lesson 9
a kind of adjective
Adjectives ending in い
deformation
affirmative form
Noun は A kind of adjective です
e.g.
Sichuan cuisine is very spicy. (Sichuan food is very spicy.)
negative form
Noun は The い at the end of a type of adjective becomes く ないです/ありません
Another way to say いい is よい. If you want to transform, you can only change it with よい, so the negative form of いいです is よく ないです/ よく ありません
e.g.
このスープは热く ないです/ありません. (This soup is not hot)
past form
Noun は, the い at the end of a type of adjective becomes かった です
The past form of いいです is よかったです
e.g.
Travel は楽しかったで
past negative form
Noun は The い at the end of a type of adjective becomes く なかったです/ありませんでした
The past negation of いいです is よく なかったです/ありませんでした
e.g.
It was cold yesterday.
Can directly modify nouns
A type of adjective noun
おいしい cuisine
あまり
The appearance of あまり must be negative
あまり A type of adjective negation
adverb of degree
Anyone who has time can join me.