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Feynman learning method
Detailed summary of ideas throughout the book. , the content covers the essence of learning, establishing learning objects, understanding the knowledge to be learned, output is the most powerful learning power, review, reflection, simplification and absorption.
Edited at 2023-02-21 10:47:51
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- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
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Feynman learning method
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
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- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
Feynman learning method
一、 the nature of learning
一、 How difficult is it to master a piece of knowledge?
I. traditional learning methods
Why it’s getting easier to play new games, but harder to learn new knowledge
Focus on input: rote memorization
Quantitative changes produce qualitative changes: after reading the book a hundred times, its meaning emerges
Dogmatism: Whatever the teacher/book says is what it says
narrow field of vision
Standardized application: copying by rote
lack of innovation
Mechanical recitation: the only purpose is to recite and then take the exam
II. The ultimate essence of learning is output rather than input
When output is used as an auxiliary tool for input, the efficiency of learning can be immediately increased a hundred times.
Upgrade your thinking and clarify good directions
III. Establish effective connections with the real world
misunderstanding of knowledge
Is learning to change your future destiny?
Studying to get ahead?
Is studying to build your future?
Learning cannot change today
Mastering knowledge has become a heavy mission
Really high-quality learning will definitely enable people to integrate into the real world
It must allow people to keep pace with the times
Understand everything that's going on
Promote our use of knowledge and innovation
Focus on closely integrating knowledge with real-life scenarios
IV. Feynman believed that good learning methods can create a broad vision and a sharp understanding of the world.
Learning is fundamentally a competition of ways of thinking, not a competition of knowledge storage, nor a competition for degrees.
The abilities that Feynman learning method gives people
1. Foresight, foreseeing the future
2. Penetrating power, seeing reality clearly
3. wisdom, application of knowledge
The sorrow of middle-aged people is not that they have little knowledge but also lack the ability to learn
二、 What is the Feynman Learning Method?
If you want to fall in love with learning, you must make learning as simple as telling a story---Feynman
I. 4 Keywords of Feynman Learning Method
1. Concept
2. Teach
3. Review
4. Simplify
II. Simple and efficient thinking mode
1. Good thinking requires positive feedback
The key point is not to study and study alone, but to interact more with the outside world
2. Output accelerates the maturity of thinking
Matthew Effect: The success of output strengthens self-confidence and motivation for the next output, and each output drives input to the brain, speeding up understanding and thinking.
The author used reading notes to summarize questions and answers as well as personal understanding.
用于讲个别人听的
3. Make thinking quantifiable
Direction: the direction of thinking
Induction: Establishing the main logic of thinking about a certain issue
Verification: output, teaching instead of learning, deepening understanding of logic and thinking
Feedback: correct/wrong. Two types of feedback, to reinforce what is correct and to correct what is wrong.
Simplify: refine the key points and summarize the goals, logic, and results of your thinking in three or two sentences.
McKinsey requires: 5 minutes to describe your point of view clearly
Absorption: Digest the results of thinking and apply them to practice
In the process of thinking, simple and efficient patterns are gradually formed
III. Feynman's Five Steps to Learning
I. Target
Establish the learning object and understand the necessity of learning it
generate concentration
Concentration is the basis for all successful learning
II. understand
Understand what you want to learn
Systematically store the good and eliminate the bad
Classify, deconstruct and compare the knowledge and concepts to be learned, systematically understand these contents, filter out the knowledge we need, and choose the appropriate way to learn.
III. output
Export learned knowledge to others
Teaching instead of learning
Elaborate on your insights to those who are unfamiliar with the knowledge, explain it to them, and do it in the simplest terms they can understand.
IV. review
Review and reflect on what you have learned
In-depth analysis
Through review and reflection, find out what you don’t understand or cannot explain simply, record it, go back to the second step, check the source of information, correct errors, make up for weak knowledge points, and know how to proceed with the next output.
It depends on whether you can explain the knowledge clearly in straightforward and simple language. No matter how complex it is, it can be understood by an onlooker who has never been exposed to this knowledge.
V. simplify
Form your own knowledge system through simplifying and absorbing
internalize knowledge
Internalization is the ultimate goal of learning together
Repeat 1-4, continue to simplify and absorb until this knowledge is internalized into your knowledge system
Keywords: thinking (Feynman learning method is a top-level way of thinking, which revolves around the essence of learning and thinking)
二、 Establish learning objects
一、 why we study
We should have a simplified understanding of learning, just like making a fun interactive game. Don't think too complicated, because knowledge itself is not that complicated - Feynman
I. People's learning in most scenarios is in an "unconscious" state, showing:
a. I will learn whatever my teachers/parents tell me to do (obedient learning)
b. I will learn whatever employment/training asks me to do (instrumental learning)
Always in the input state, only scratching the surface of knowledge
II. The dilemma of passive learning is that you are used to someone setting goals for you, but you long for freedom. Suddenly one day there is no pressure anymore, and you find that you are already used to others setting goals for you.
III. Know what you are studying for
Through constant questioning, we can understand why it is necessary to learn certain knowledge.
For example: someone who doesn’t like learning mathematics thinks about:
What is the use of mathematics?
(Meaning) Whether learning is interesting in itself
What is the use of learning mathematics?
What most people struggle with is what they can do after learning this piece of knowledge, but they ignore the learning itself.
(Meaning) Learning is just a means to an end, and what is the end?
(Extended) What is useful:
Does studying mathematics help with other subjects?
Can you make money?
Getting smarter, faster?
Answer carefully and at a certain stage you will come to a conclusion:
The prerequisite for learning a piece of knowledge well is to fully understand it, including its value that has yet to be developed.
IV. Learning with clear goals can effectively train our way of thinking
1. Open thinking: To understand knowledge, you need to understand reality
2. Critical thinking: looking for counter-evidence from a scientific perspective
3. Logical thinking: focusing and concentrating on an important issue for a long time and thinking repeatedly
4. Clear and concise expression: the knowledge learned can be refined and concentrated many times during the output process
二、 Focus on goals
I. People's goals are dynamic. Don't try to stay focused on the same goal for a long time.
An interest often cannot last you two years: focus on a correct goal during the golden time of one or two years to achieve extraordinary results as much as possible
The key to any success is not how many things you want to do well, but whether you can do them well
II. When it is the best window to learn a knowledge, focus your limited time on the things that "should be done" at the moment, and give up those things that "can be done" but are not "must be done"
Focus on goals:
The author has a habit of reading: as long as the feeling comes, he will not give up after holding it in his hands. First, read through it quickly, find the content that interests him, lock in the parts that he is interested in or need to know, and concentrate on reading them. If you don't have enough time, you will mark the knowledge and assign a reading plan.
1. Make your thinking clearer
2. Make your actions more targeted
Concentration
III. How to find the right direction
How to judge whether you are suitable for learning a certain type of knowledge.
1. Ask yourself, the right direction meets the needs of your inner self
Learning level: What is the most important thing to me?
Most important to me?
What makes the most sense to me?
What is the meaning?
My favorite?
When setting goals, follow two lines of thought:
1. future direction
What are your future interests?
Friends around me, which aspect of this knowledge are you proficient in?
Are there any other directions?
Will this knowledge help me in other ways in the future?
Help set macro goals.
2. focus of the moment
What problem should I solve by learning this knowledge?
Do I need to set staged goals?
What are my knowledge gaps in this area?
How do I collect real, useful information?
Helps specify the correct action and learning plan.
2. Make “the most important thing” your own direction
The most important thing: In fact, it is a small subconscious goal every day
Believe that you can do the current step well. This is the basis for success.
IV. How to find true interests
The greatest motivation for learning is interest in learning materials--Benjamin Bloom (B.S. BLOOM)
There are many ways to evaluate whether your goal is valuable. The best way is to analyze whether it matches the existing body of knowledge.
If you can do it but don't do it, you will regret it for the rest of your life. This is your goal. This is true in study, work and life
When you know what your goal is, treat it as the "most important thing" you have to do every day.
三、 Planning: Establishing “strong connections” with goals
I. Establish your own study plan
A learning plan is to set a course of action for the learning object and stipulate when and what method to take - Feynman
II. Through analysis and reflection, discover the strong connection between you and your goals:
1. Justify the necessity of learning this knowledge/doing this thing
Do I really need it?
Is it worth investing time and money into?
Do I need to think about it again?
2. Confirm the substantial connection between plans and goals
How well does my study plan match my goals?
Does this plan work for me?
Is there a more efficient and time-saving way?
The significance of this link is that after we put in our efforts, the result will be a castle in the air and cannot be realized.
This is the case in 99% of things, either there is no persistence, or there is no deserved reward for persistence, and iterative reflection is required.
III. It is very possible that your goal is actually wrong and your efforts will yield no results.
The most dangerous things to man are sincere ignorance and good-natured stupidity. Smart learners are good at reflection, while stupid learners like to be moved by themselves and execute a wrong goal to the end.
How to make sure our goals are right: judging by SMART principles
The famous "SMART" principle
S:Specific: The goal must be clear and describable
M:Measurable: Goals must be quantifiable and capable of evaluation
A:Achievable: The goal must be within the scope of ability (can be achieved)
R: Rewarding: The goal must have positive meaning and produce a sense of satisfaction
T: Time-Bound: The goal must have a deadline to be achieved
Based on the learner's understanding (pattern) of something or knowledge, each question should be answered fully and reasonably. If any one is not satisfied, the expected results will not be achieved.
IV. If the original goal was wrong, is there a better direction?
1. A correct and suitable learning direction that matches your own interests
2. A reasonable goal that is within one's ability and consistent with one's ability
V. After finding the right direction, how to plan an efficient learning path?
Set aside enough time for 3 things
Set aside time to target your most important goals
Lock down to focus
Allow time for proper planning
Create a bridge between interests-goals-plans
Allow time to adjust goals and plans
During the planning and action process, revise goals at any time based on feedback
Make sure you are on the right path
Learning is not just for memorizing something, but for us to establish our own effective thinking framework through learning, and apply knowledge into practice to solve practical problems in life and work.
四、 Feynman Technique: Goal Principle (based on SMART, putting forward higher requirements)
I. comprehensiveness of goals
Match your experience
For example, learning a piece of knowledge will enable you to engage in a certain industry.
II. The principle of focus of goals
Setting goals should be focused
It is necessary to clarify the focus of learning and use limited energy on the most critical knowledge points
Specify goals to be targeted
Learn from one’s own shortcomings
solve this problem
III. The challenge principle of goals
The goal must be of a certain degree of difficulty
Stimulate curiosity and enhance learning ability
The goal should be to tap and stimulate one's potential
You cannot easily achieve your goals just by memorizing and reading.
Train your creative abilities while studying, and take your understanding of knowledge and the world to a higher level
The target cannot be considered to be lower in difficulty during the learning process.
If you encounter difficulties and take the initiative to tune down, you will lose the meaning and satisfaction of learning.
It will make people develop the habit of dabbling in food and avoiding problems, which will affect other studies.
IV. Goal feasibility principle
practical
consistent with objective reality
It can be achieved after a certain amount of effort, rather than trying your best to only learn the basics.
V. The principle of target adjustability
The goal should be to adapt to changes and transform ideas as the environment and internal and external conditions change.
For example, when learning English and discovering that the job market is getting smaller and smaller in the future, you need to change your thinking from learning English for employment to making it an important skill for you.
Keywords: Goal (find the necessity and importance of learning it, and strengthen this internal connection)
三、 Understand what you need to learn
一、 Categorize and compare sources of knowledge
Learning knowledge needs to be combined into one's own understanding. Simply put, it is integrated into one's own cognition.
Feynman's learning method first talks about the methodology of learning, and secondly the specific skills of learning.
Systematize knowledge logically
I. Understand why you study
Learning without purpose is pitiful, but learning with the wrong purpose is tragic
The correct purpose is non-utilitarian, non-tendency and non-paranoid
Utility: Studying to prepare for exams
Tendency: learning in order to strengthen a certain inherent position
Paranoia: Learning to think in an introverted and exclusive way
I just want to learn this knowledge, know and understand them, and I don’t think that they will create benefits for me when I learn.
II. Have a broad enough view of the picture
People should try to maintain their innocence, because an innocent mentality can expand your horizons and make you willing and able to see more "possibilities" in this world.
For example, reading a book:
Child: Why did the author write this book? Why is it priced at 100 yuan? What is the special significance of the cover? What does the author want to tell us? How did he summarize this knowledge?
Adult: What is the use of reading this book? Is there any cheaper book?
III. Establish the most objective and scientific logic possible
Only by logically sequencing knowledge can screening and comparison be carried out
Filter and retain the most reliable knowledge
The most important thing in learning is to establish your own thinking framework through the screening and absorption of knowledge.
Filter and extract knowledge
For example: to read a 200,000-word book, it is impossible to read it all. You need to find the directories that interest you most or are weakest, study them, take notes, study the contents to understand them, and add them to your own thinking framework. new knowledge.
The study catalog is the "abbreviated version" of this book for you
Methodology for filtering knowledge
Criteria and processes for screening knowledge:
1. Establish logic
Clarify the direction of learning
Establish objective and scientific learning logic
2. collect information
Lock down sources of knowledge
Form a complete knowledge framework
3. Classification comparison
Filter the knowledge you need
I want to find knowledge that matches my actual needs
Retain reliable and important knowledge
Identify “fake knowledge”
90% of what we learn in life is false knowledge
False knowledge stimulates the brain, like morphine, making people feel good and addictive
But in practice, it is of little or no use
Stimulating the will, it seems that the truth of the world has finally been discovered
For example: Listening to successful people talk about their experiences and feeling like they have learned something, but they still failed to start a business.
Avoid false knowledge
Block knowledge from uncertain sources
No public? expert? They are all uncertain knowledge and have not been studied and judged.
Be careful with differentiated knowledge
For example: different interpretations of the same phenomenon (the economy is not good: Expert A: the economy has bottomed out; Expert B: the economy is not improving)
Have a pragmatic attitude and learn their views based on your own understanding.
二、 Form a thinking and process map
A description of the visualization of knowledge
Horizontal expansion: “visualizing” knowledge
Visualization of knowledge scenes
For example: use scene pictures to deepen memory
Visualization of knowledge relationships
Especially suitable for fragmented time learning
Reveal the correlation between different information and different knowledge
Connect fragmented knowledge to form a complete system
For example: concept maps, key point diagrams and element display diagrams, etc.
Canification of the learning process
Use videos to let learners experience the entire process firsthand
Feynman highly praised
For example: physics experiment
Draw a “learning process”
Step one: short-term memory
Ask questions, learn with questions, and finally find the answers to the questions
Focus learning and awaken long-term memory
Step Two: Mental Imagery
Mental representation refers to the abstract concept that knowledge is formed in our brain in a visual way
心理表象具备2个特点
1. 文字易于理解
2. 文字表述可以图像化
Expressed through visual graphics, easy for the brain to understand
Make the brain remember deeply through visual graphic expression
Step Three: Double Encoding
"Dual coding" theory in cognitive psychology: There are two functionally independent but interrelated information processing systems in the human brain
一种以文字语言为基础（文字）
一种以表象语言为基础（图形图像视频）
On the basis of the second step, combine text images with pictures (videos) to understand the knowledge learned
Double-encoded knowledge will be stored preferentially by the brain and transformed into long-term memory
Part 4: Long-lasting Memory (Success)
Quickly transform knowledge into long-term memory
How fast you understand and remember is how effective you are at learning knowledge.
三、 Principles of Reading and Memory
We must be good at "knowing how to learn" through learning. To master this ability, we must establish our own thinking framework while learning---Feynman
Use methods that save time and effort as much as possible to read and memorize efficiently and enhance your understanding of knowledge
I. Get useful information quickly
The more you read, the better your ability to filter information.
II. Learn how to identify and analyze problems
Extend the problem to yourself, better fill your own thinking framework, and form your own set of solutions
In the long run, reading and memory are not a competition of quantity. The quantity of knowledge we learn has always been a false proposition.
The key to learning knowledge is to master it. One big question covers all the small knowledge points, so why not focus on studying this big question and master it?
四、 first retelling
Output is to retell what you have learned and understood and let the listener understand it.
The core of Feynman learning method is output
effect:
I. Build long-term memory
II. Deepen your understanding of knowledge
III. More active learning
IV. associate knowledge
The collision between one’s own views and those learned;
The joy of learning knowledge lies in collisions and contradictions
sudden inspiration;
V. Get feedback on an issue
Ask your own questions when retelling
process
The first stage: retelling based on impressions
Stage 2: Raising questions in the retelling
The third stage: add your own opinions in the retelling
Form your own opinions based on new knowledge
五、 Feynman Technique: Systematization Principle
I. induction
Confirm reliable sources
classify knowledge
II. filter
Find the knowledge you need
Eliminate “fake” knowledge
III. analyze
Establish an analytical logic
Form a mind map
Understand and think about knowledge in the process
Horizontal Thinking: Categorization and Comparison
Break out of the “logical trap” of knowledge itself
reverse question
Anyone can be wrong
minority position
Understand the conditions that occur
If a black swan occurs
why it doesn't happen easily
Divergent thinking: mind mapping
Make connections between knowledge
Convergent Thinking: Knowledge Structure
Systematically integrate the scattered knowledge learned
Integrate into your own thinking framework
Keywords: Systematization (categorizing and comparing the knowledge and concepts to be learned, and systematically understanding these contents)
四、 Output is the most powerful learning power
一、 Teaching instead of learning
If you can't explain something simply to other people, then you don't really understand it - Feynman
When facing a layman, explain the knowledge to him in a language that the other person can understand.
It doesn’t matter what you know. Only if you can understand it to anyone can it mean that you have truly learned the knowledge.
Anyone can understand it
You must have a deep understanding of knowledge, otherwise you will not be able to find analogies at all
Often use analogies
Concise and in-depth analysis
Simple and easy to understand language
Try to express the most with the fewest words
Accurate and without ambiguity
The wording is accurate, there can be errors, but there cannot be deviations
speak with a certain depth
Don’t use rigid memory or superficial explanation
Add your own understanding
Appropriately add your own original opinions and draw inferences from one example
Strengthen cognition
It looks like you are teaching others, but in fact you are doing secondary learning yourself.
It is self-justifying, logically rigorous, and connects the past and the future.
Achieve an in-depth understanding of the content, especially the difficult aspects of mastering knowledge
Profound knowledge is explained in simple terms and is worth savoring by readers.
二、 Use "output" to force "input"
The "memory principle" of output (theoretical basis)
Scientists believe that memory is the reflection of past experiences in the human brain. It is not only a neural activity, but also a complex psychological activity.
一、 Memorization - coding
The brain mainly relies on experience and perception to judge which objects to select as encoding objects.
Find out the knowledge that needs to be learned through the knowledge system
This knowledge should be memorized
If there is no knowledge system, the brain cannot judge, so - they don't even know what they should learn.
二、 keep--store
First obtain information through eyes, ears, etc.
Knowledge at this time belongs to the first impression
After the brain processes knowledge, the knowledge is transferred to the "hippocampus"
Hippocampal nerve cells strengthen synaptic binding time through stimulation
first level memory
Through more stimulation (such as in-depth learning, building knowledge networks), new neural circuit networks are generated
generate second-level memories
The more connections there are, the more reliable the memory becomes.
三、 Reproduce--Search
When it comes to output, the brain will open a new mode: from one-way input to synchronous input and output
1. When outputting: the brain must accurately present the information reflected by the neurons
2. Not only re-create it, but also recombine it and describe it in your own words.
Understanding is deeper and stronger
四、 Memories - Consolidation
The output is a high-quality review
Scenario and thought simulation
The "dual coding" theory of long-term memory--Pevo (American psychologist):
The processing of text information is mainly based on "meaning code"
abstract understanding
The processing of non-text information is mainly based on 'graphic code'
Image understanding
For example, if you don't understand a piece of knowledge, try to explain it first. During the output process, you will have abstract understanding, and during the recall process, you will have image understanding. After several output cycles, the two understandings will be clear and the memory will be very strong.
The output is active learning
On the same starting line, people who actively learn will surpass passive learners by at least two social classes in 10 years - Feynman
When actively outputting knowledge, you will think
1. How to make the other party understand
2. If I want the other party to understand, I have to make him understand what the most important knowledge points are.
I have to use a language he understands
3. I don’t seem to understand this knowledge point. Why?
There is no more efficient way to learn than this, right?
三、 second retelling
The first time I acted as a listener, the second time I actually imparted knowledge to others.
When retelling, be sure to focus on your own interests and hobbies:
What is the part that interests me the most (personal goal)
What is my best way of telling stories (personal strengths)
What knowledge point do I most want to exchange with the other party (connection with the outside world)
Find the best version of yourself and express it, you will fall in love with this feeling
Take advantage of breakout opportunities
Group discussions can effectively implement "teaching instead of learning"
Take the initiative to share
Group discussion: Due to low error tolerance, advance preparation is required
Sort out the knowledge in advance, repeat the outline and even some small questions
Premium List
Ask questions separately and trigger discussions among others, then speak separately and ask each other questions
Group discussions allow you to receive pertinent suggestions and comments from listeners
The more contradictory ideas are, the easier it is to produce breakthrough thinking
Infuse your soul with knowledge
Knowledge without soul is like withered leaves on the roadside. It seems to have clear veins, but it has long lost its vitality.
How to infuse your soul and speak your knowledge:
Demonstrate unique language skills
Describe in your own words rather than recite
Explain your understanding of knowledge based on reality
landing in reality
Express your personal analysis and opinions
Infuse knowledge with your own personal understanding
The second retelling requires sorting out and thinking about the knowledge before it can be successful, but failure is also a step towards successful retelling.
四、 Feynman Technique: Output Principle (Putting What You Learn into Use)
Five Output Principles (Synchronization)
I. Scenario and thought simulation
II. Easy to understand language
III. Simplicity yet depth
IV. Strengthen understanding of key knowledge
V. Use breakout sessions to get feedback
In layman's terms, it is to find one or more output outlets for knowledge and let the knowledge move.
When Benjamin Franklin was a child, in order to write good articles, he randomly sorted good articles in newspapers sentence by sentence, and then integrated the text back sentence by sentence. In this way, he understood the construction of articles and how to write a good article. Later, I made it more difficult and wrote articles silently. Over time, I unconsciously added my own words. Soon his articles appeared in newspapers.
After this step, knowledge will become your wisdom
Keywords: Output (Set a teaching scenario. Only when you output this knowledge will you truly know what you have mastered and what needs to be strengthened and deepened)
五、 Review and Reflection
一、 Doubt and exploration make us smarter
If you don't take the initiative to doubt and explore, no matter how many books you read or how many theories you memorize, you will always learn only superficially.
Learning knowledge is like exploring a strange room. The first time you go there, you only notice the doors and windows. The second time you go there, you notice the dining room and the bedroom, but there are still many things that are ignored. This is blindness. You can only fully understand it after living in it for a few days. learn.
When you encounter trouble when outputting, don’t rush to quibble. You should first re-compare the data and facts you already have.
It's not that I didn't understand, it's that you didn't understand - the uninteresting reader
Recheck the knowledge base
Re-validate knowledge connections
Is the logic of reasoning reasonable? Can the evidence stand? Is it consistent with reality?
if correct
Logic needs to be described in simpler language
You may not have learned this knowledge yourself
if incorrect
It is the lack of one’s own knowledge that leads to deviations in understanding.
What needs to be done is to improve relevant basic knowledge (such as mathematics, it is impossible to learn calculus)
It is a problem with the viewpoint and logic of original knowledge
Correction strategy
Improve knowledge reserves (there is no other way, because you cannot independently discover knowledge blind spots)
Be curious and skeptical.
The theory in the book is not necessarily correct, is it too coincidental?
find gaps
gap:
1. The first is the more unique knowledge points, including data and unique perspectives not found in other books.
refreshing
2. Secondly, it is the knowledge points that triggered my in-depth thinking and supplemented my knowledge blind spots.
spark inspiration
Comparing and verifying the correctness of the gaps will make the memory more profound
Return to the essence of knowledge
The essence of knowledge is the progress and growth of life. It is the process of integrating us with the environment and generating new cognition. Fundamentally speaking, knowledge is our understanding of the world and the ability to transform it - Feynman
二、 Looking for counter-evidence
Reflect with purpose, deconstruct the quality of learning, and ensure that what you learn is correct knowledge.
The knowledge gap between people depends on the ability to reflect, summarize and sublimate knowledge
一、 Reflection helps us discover misunderstandings in knowledge itself
二、 Reflection helps us generate new knowledge based on existing knowledge
Reflection is important, but it is also difficult. It requires a basic knowledge system and the confidence to doubt everything.
Pay attention to negative data
No one is 100% correct, whether it is an authority or other people, correct speech requires specific conditions
Finding negative data necessarily requires us to collect all the "necessary elements"
Strengthen memory and logical reasoning
When knowledge is stuck: "Go back to the place where you don't understand clearly and find the weak link"
Knowledge stuck
Error in memory
Brush up on knowledge
Wrong understanding
Key points to understand
Attention to details, conditions for establishment
Controversy is the entry point for in-depth learning
The best learning is when we can find new problems from one problem. Things that you don’t like, don’t appreciate, and don’t recognize are the jewels in the crown of knowledge. If you hate controversy, or have no habit of finding fault, it's like you've thrown away the gem and only worn a beautiful but worthless hat. --Feynman
There is no most reliable conclusion
Conclusions require conditions and can be used, but with a skeptical attitude
The process of verification and reasoning is a trustworthy friend
Establish multi-angle analogy relationships with existing knowledge
1. scientific perspective
Rigorous logic and not afraid of questioning
2. Practical perspective
Gainful and change your life
3. system perspective
Relate to old knowledge to form a system
The ultimate goal of learning: change yourself
三、 "Content retention rate" determines the effectiveness of our learning
Content retention rate:
The first is the proportion of knowledge we remember
How much knowledge is converted into long-term memory
Second is the proportion of knowledge we actually understand
How much knowledge have you mastered?
When this ratio reaches over 90%, it is considered high-quality learning, but the brain is lazy
Point of interest output
Positive feedback input
It’s not that the more you learn, the higher your efficiency will be.
After understanding all the contents of the book or platform, even if you memorize it backwards, you have only completed less than 5% of the learning.
5 aspects of learning failure
1. Impetuous mentality in choosing knowledge
I want it to be in-depth and nutritious, but I also want to know it at a glance and use it right away.
2. Behavioral blindness in the learning process
I don’t have a plan. I just follow others when I see them learning. I don’t know what knowledge I should learn.
3. Not good at learning management
It all depends on fragmented time and cannot be executed as planned.
4. No own knowledge system
I don’t know why I need to learn this knowledge, and I don’t know what knowledge will benefit me.
5. Don’t pay attention to learning methods
Knowledge is also a thinking structure. When you look at knowledge from the perspective of thinking structure, you have to realize that the process of learning is actually a transformation of our own thinking. There are smart ways and stupid ways.
How to improve retention
一、 Clarify the direction of learning
career direction
Learning Content
Conceptual
factual
procedural
Principle
knowledge attribute
Remember to delete any content that is inappropriate or not of interest to you.
二、 Make it clear to what extent you have learned
1. know and understand
2. Retell and convey
3. Practice and innovation
三、 key to improvement
Review and re-learn
Organize and simplify
Systematize
Repeat "useful learning"
一、 Focus on learning knowledge with the ability to grow
learn roots
二、 Targeted learning of modular knowledge
Xuequan
三、 Resolutely refuse to learn fragmented knowledge
Don't waste
The focus of learning lies in the reasoning process of knowledge
principled thinking
Pay attention to what is behind the knowledge
1. The principles of knowledge are more valuable to us than the knowledge itself
2. Exploring the things behind knowledge is also a very important thinking training
3. It can simplify the knowledge system, make learning simple and direct, and save valuable time.
4. Mastering the principles of knowledge can help us establish a basic concept of the field we study
5. The above four points are very helpful for our future application practice
四、 Feynman Technique: The Principle of Review
Can the understanding of knowledge be simpler and more straightforward?
three step principle
Doubt and explore
Looking for counter-evidence
Increase “content retention rate”
Keywords: Review (review, reflect on learning mistakes, find gaps, and summarize the knowledge you have mastered in more refined language)
六、 Simplify and absorb
一、 Too much of a good thing can cause indigestion
The more knowledge you swallow, the less you digest
The three most important abilities in learning:
Active learning ability
Doubt the ability to reflect
Blindly increasing the amount of reading will increase the number of questions generated during learning, and the learning effect will actually become worse.
Ability to think originally
what is simplification
Decompose knowledge
Take out what you need & core
structured knowledge
are logically connected to each other and form a whole
Sorting out knowledge
Simplified to 2 or 3 sentences, easy to understand
How to simplify knowledge
1. Sort the importance of knowledge and absorb the important information
Talk: After reading it again, you will be able to feel where is the most important and what is unimportant.
2. Return knowledge from complexity to simplicity
Find the core of knowledge
任何一项知识，都有一个核心，其他都是围绕着它而展开的
吸收这个核心，就能将复杂的知识简化为一个易于理解的版本
How to absorb the knowledge we need
Get->find core
Simplify -> Carding system
Absorption->Teaching instead of learning
Transform -> combine with existing knowledge
Innovation->Create new knowledge
How online learning simplifies knowledge
1. Based on actual results
2. Aimed at practical application
3. Pay attention to content that promotes association
4. Avoid learning duplicate content on different platforms
5. Integrate with our current work direction
6. Pay attention to the growth of knowledge
The output is mainly characterized by network sharing and discussion.
二、 Vertical expansion and refinement
vertical expansion
Horizontal increment: only paying attention to breadth, not depth, learning a lot but mastering little, resulting in a series of negatives:
认为学习很辛苦，话太多时间，消耗太多精力
不知道如何设计学习目标，总是感到迷茫
学习时缺乏主动性和持久性，有一定的爆发力，但也容易三分钟热度
学习不得要领，没有奏效的学习方法
一、 vertical expansion
In the face of complex knowledge, focus on one or two points and conduct in-depth research, and then you can draw inferences about other cases.
For example: The 200-year history of the Tang Dynasty cannot be remembered by mere interest. At this time, we should pay attention to something, such as "the influence of the Guanlong Group on the establishment of the Tang Dynasty", focusing on the relationship between the Li family and the Guanlong Group, and the influence of the Guanlong Group on the Tang Dynasty. The impact of the political situation in the early Tang Dynasty, etc., will allow you to not only grasp the historical trend of the Tang Dynasty, but also learn a lot of in-depth knowledge points
二、 Learning requires “green light thinking”
Green light thinking: anything is allowed
Self-reflect on different viewpoints and learn valuable knowledge from them
Red light thinking: Don’t take any thought that goes against you
Self-centered, thinking that thoughts different from one's own are wrong
Views should be distinguished between people and things
三、 Learning should be "slow and fast"
Focus on one object and take your time
For example: when reading, it is very troublesome to sort out the knowledge structure. After that, I take notes while reading and simplify the book again. Although it is much slower, it clears up a lot of knowledge blockages and improves my understanding of the book.
四、 Improvement requires "deliberate practice"
How to practice deliberately
1. Focus on the nature of the research problem
2. lots of consistent practice
The only way to become a top expert in a certain field is to have a deeper understanding of core skills.
3. Start with what interests you
Start with the areas or knowledge points you are interested in, and use the points to cover the topic
Our eloquence not only comes from our speaking skills, but also from our understanding of human nature
三、 Dig deeply to internalize knowledge
Internalization: The essence is to perfectly absorb external wisdom into your own wisdom, achieving the effect of 1 1>2
How to internalize knowledge
Form your own knowledge system
Deep mining and deep learning of knowledge
Skill extension or enhancement
For example writing
forward-looking understanding of knowledge
Have your own predictions
Systematic reinforcement of knowledge
The knowledge learned makes up for the deficiencies in other knowledge
Feynman’s five important pieces of advice
1. Using notes to record core elements of knowledge
2. Be sure to greatly organize the knowledge you have learned
delete unimportant
3. Structured induction and understanding of knowledge
4. Output and publish the knowledge you understand
Listen to other people’s opinions and add what you haven’t thought of
5. Simplify, absorb and memorize knowledge (ultimate goal)
四、 third retelling
Knowledge is not just used to remove rocks from under your feet, or to help you understand the past, but to help you understand the future - Feynman
Purpose
Create original ideas
With positive self-efficacy evaluation and continuous in-depth learning, you can gradually generate your own original opinions based on the knowledge you have learned.
It does not mean that the original point of view is something that others do not have, but that it is derived from one’s own reasoning, or is a supplement to one’s own knowledge system.
Generate impactful new knowledge
Areas of Expertise Passion
New knowledge increases your influence on those around you
五、 Feynman Technique: The Principle of Simplification
Simplification without understanding and blind collection of knowledge will only lead to:
What you learn is just a bunch of empty conclusions instead of full logic
The simplification you made removed the most important part of the deduction
Your study turns diversified dialectical analysis into a unified summary of positions
You only remember the superficial facts and fail to discover the logic behind them
Sometimes the knowledge you get isn't knowledge at all, it's just a bunch of information at best - Steve Jobs
Principle one:
Systematically dig into the three pieces of knowledge
I. Required knowledge
II. Target important knowledge
III. Targeted at core knowledge
Systematically dig into the three categories of knowledge (reasoning, logic, and systematicity)
Principle two:
Form your own knowledge system
I. become an expert in a field
II. Focused and targeted
III. Build your own knowledge system
Focus on developing your talents in the areas you are good at.
Learning is highly targeted
Concentrate on doing your own thing
I usually patiently accumulate my knowledge
When the opportunity comes, make a splash
Keywords: Simplification (the ultimate goal of learning is to extract what we need and form our own knowledge system)