MindMap Gallery minimalist learning method
After in-depth interviews with hundreds of top students at Tsinghua University and Peking University, the author found that, except for a very small number of geniuses, the IQs of most students admitted to Tsinghua University are not much different from ordinary people. The reason why they were able to enter Tsinghua University and Peking University is because It's because they found the right learning method. In this book, the author peels back the details and summarizes a set of learning methods that are suitable for most people to learn knowledge and skills. In the author's opinion, any learning can be divided into three stages: precise input, deep digestion, and multiple output. The first is the input of knowledge, which means taking in new knowledge first; then the digestion of knowledge, understanding the input knowledge; and finally, using the learned knowledge. I hope this book will benefit everyone who is confused when learning or doesn't know how to learn a new skill.
Edited at 2023-04-29 16:50:17One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
minimalist learning method
Preface
The original intention of writing this book
first part The concept and three major advantages of minimalist learning method
1. Minimalist closed loop: input, digest and output, learn everything in three steps
Input: Enter the knowledge to be learned
Digestion: Understanding and understanding what you want to learn
Output: Put the learned knowledge and skills to use
2. Pursue accuracy: think backwards, learn what you use, don’t do useless work
"Begin with the End in Mind" from Stephen Covey's "Seven Habits of Highly Effective People"
3. Straight to the essence: learn from the roots and know everything
input from essence
Basic textbooks, basic theories
For example, learning economics: Mankiw's "Principles of Economics"
Digest from the root
Multiple output, one pass, all pass
A methodology can be used in many ways
For example, McKinsey’s “MECE” principle (no duplication, no omission)
the second part Accurate input: Use the right posture to learn accurately
1. Learn accurately: Think backwards and learn knowledge that directly determines the results.
Changing consciousness: learning must be done with a truly effective purpose
Set goals: deduce the implementation process and formulate achievable goals
Peter Drucker's "The Practice of Management" - "SMART Rule"
Scientific execution: keep an eye on the goal and reject excuses
When talking about the principles of communication in "Crucial Conversations", the first important principle is to keep an eye on the goal.
2. Choose the right one: The best learning materials are those that suit you
Exam-based learning: Textbooks and syllabus are the best learning materials
Kaogang is the criterion for everything
Textbooks are the best learning materials
Transparent: understand clearly and know why
All: leave no trace behind, return the pellets to the warehouse
String: form a system and string together knowledge
More: Repeat, again and again
Continuous learning: Consistency is more important than what you choose
Learning materials is not the first priority, learning to the end is the first priority
If you still have to choose, how should you choose?
Look at brands: old brands, big brands, new brands
Check word-of-mouth reviews: Ask people in the circle, read word-of-mouth posts
Try it yourself
Pursue the essence: learn from the roots, metacognition points directly to the foundation
Look at the cornerstone work and quickly grasp the essence
economics
Mankiw's "Principles of Economics"
Marketing
"Marketing Management" by Philip Kotler
management
"The Effective Manager" by Peter Drucker
psychology
Freud's "Introduction to Psychoanalysis"
Learning key methodology: 5 hours of theory is more important than 10,000 hours of theory
Shao Yi's "Invisible Leadership"
"5 hours theory"
Josh Kaufman "Key 20 Hours to Learn Any Skill Quickly"
Author application
Harada Reihito "Learn a little color psychology every day"
Learn breaststroke and badminton
Learn other
Sing
learn to breathe
writing
"Pyramid Principle"
Understand 100 keywords: How Kensey consultants quickly master an industry
Know 100 keywords first
"Feng Tangcheng's Thoughts on Things"
Find 3-5 experts and sit down with them for half a day to a whole day
Find 3-5 monographs and read them carefully
3. Learn well: input new knowledge and make "sandwich cake"
Preview before studying: The key is to grasp the degree
The knowledge is intertwined, and the preview effect is better after review
Preview the night before class, especially after the day's review or homework is completed
Don’t become a learner ahead of time, just mark the difficult points.
As much as you can understand is as much as you can. Don’t force yourself to understand everything. Mark the areas you don’t understand and need to listen carefully in class so you know what to focus on during class.
Overall preview for winter and summer vacations, the key method for academic masters to surpass you
"We are not afraid of having top students in the class, but we are afraid that top students will spend their summer vacation."
There is a purpose in learning: Grasp the purpose and pay attention to the doubt points
Focus on what you didn’t understand during the preview
Pay attention to the beginning and the end, and follow the teacher to walk through the knowledge chain again
Generally, teachers will give lectures in a "total points total" structure.
If you don’t understand anything in class, ask immediately without any doubts.
Review after learning to eliminate false understanding, prevent forgetting, and deepen understanding.
the third part Deep Digestion: How to Thoroughly Understand Knowledge
1. Mental preparation: either have insensitivity or unconditional belief
Possessing the power of insensitivity, deep digestion can be completed unconsciously
Junichi Watanabe "Insensitive Power"
"Blunt force" can be literally translated as "dull power", which means to calmly face the setbacks and pains in life and move firmly in one's own direction. It is "the means and wisdom to win a better life." Junichi Watanabe believes that "dull sensitivity" does not mean slowness. It emphasizes a kind of endurance against difficulties and the ability to face the outside world shamelessly. It is still a positive attitude towards life.
Unconditional self-confidence: Get rid of "fear of difficulties" and you can learn everything
A top student studies any subject that he can't do well, and a bad student doesn't study any subject he can't do. A top student studies a subject that he can't do well; a top student studies partial subjects, while a bad student avoids partial subjects.
2. Accurate self-examination: extreme honesty, three tricks to find loopholes
Self-examination is anti-human, you must be extremely honest
Three methods of accurate self-examination, there is no way to escape the loopholes
Self-check at the source: self-check with checklist
Result self-check: self-check based on output
Analyze test papers
Identify weak sectors
Find weak details
Find out the reason for losing points
Question 1: Have I really understood all the knowledge points?
Second question: Can I use this knowledge point to solve problems?
Question 3: What went wrong during my exam?
careless exam
Exam mentality
a matter of time
Analyze works
Use single detection to quickly find your own problems.
Help others test: Find these two kinds of people
Find a master
Look from top to bottom and use the other party's professionalism to discover your problems.
Find students
What I can’t explain clearly
What the other party can’t understand
What you can’t understand and the other party can’t understand
3. Really win: do these three points and you will be able to thoroughly understand everything
Critical start: within 72 hours, start where you can
It doesn’t matter where you start, the beginning itself is important
Must act within 72 hours or it may never start
It's easiest to start by applying the known to the unknown
Overcome difficulties: focus deeply and attack one at a time
Be proactive in exploring rather than passively accepting
Calm down and eliminate all distractions
Physical isolation: being separated from the source of interference in time and space.
Isolation of trivial matters: When you want to focus deeply on your studies, you must either let others do it for you or simply ignore the trivial matters that affect your energy but must be done.
Concentrate your efforts to solve one problem at a time
Using external forces: Let foreign aid play a real role (tutorial classes, teachers, classmates, etc.)
When is external help needed?
The first situation: the learning effect is relatively poor and cannot keep up with the pace of learning.
The second situation: You study hard but have no breakthrough
The way of learning is no longer suitable for what you are learning now
Learning ability and cognitive ability have reached their limits
The third situation: suddenly improve the scores before the exam, and scientifically achieve "cramming"
The fourth situation: If you want to learn better than ordinary people, you need to increase the intensity
Two steps for selecting foreign aid
First, clarify the purpose of borrowing external forces.
Second, choose the “right external force” scientifically
Understand teaching
Understand knowledge
The biggest effect of making good use of external forces may not be to teach you lessons.
Provide feedback on your learning
"coach"
fourth part Multiple output: four layers of output to truly use knowledge
1. Expression output, three applications of Feynman learning method
tell others
The person you are explaining to does not understand this knowledge, or does not understand it thoroughly.
The person you are explaining to should give you feedback so that you can make an accurate judgment about yourself through their feedback.
Learn again based on feedback and simplify your expressions
tell yourself
Talking to oneself, asking and answering questions
Speak to yourself first, then listen to yourself
Write to yourself
more advanced way
2. Problem-solving type output, pictures and problem solving are the best
Effectively answering questions is a process of constantly breaking through the comfort zone
The questions you should answer should be questions that are slightly beyond the boundaries of your abilities.
Special topic brushing, a once-and-for-all method of brushing up questions
Why do we need special topics and why can we get it done once and for all?
The core approach to topic brushing is to focus on solving a certain type of question type or a certain type of knowledge section for a period of time.
Especially suitable for you to overcome your weak areas
You need to use your most productive time period to do this
Special topic brush, grasp the golden four steps
Review knowledge: first understand the knowledge before starting to answer special questions
The first time to solve the problem: directly solve the problem based on the known knowledge
Summarize the rules: Find common problem-solving methods and problem-solving ideas in this type of questions.
The second time to review the questions: you need to skillfully apply these methods and rules
3. Exam output, how to scientifically score points
The triangular relationship of examinations: question maker, assessor, and examinee
Having the thinking of a question maker is a prerequisite for getting high scores in exams
What is the question maker's thinking, that is, "empathy"
"Take the teaching materials and examination syllabus as the criterion"
How to train the question maker’s thinking
Study real questions: Find patterns from real questions
Develop a habit: Ask yourself what knowledge points you want to test in this question
Reference answer learning method: the guarantee of getting high scores in the exam
Reference answer
Standard answers to real questions
High-quality tutoring materials and reference answers to simulation questions
Three keys and four steps to learn reference inspection
three keys
Answer structure: The skeleton of the answer is the structure that connects the entire answer room A
Scoring points: The exam is basically based on scoring points, and the points correspond to "scoring keywords" and key steps.
Subject terminology
four steps
Answer: Write the answer yourself first
Look: Compare the difference with the standard answer
Repair: Answer the question according to the standard and modify your answer.
Answer: Answer by yourself until the answer is consistent with the standard answer (it is best to do this step every 1 or 2 days)
Summarize the answer template to ensure high scores
Example: What thoughts and emotions does the author express in this poem? (5 points) Full score answer template: The author describes xxx (1 point, first quote the content of the poem) Expressed the thoughts of xxx (2 points, write down what thoughts are expressed) Expressed xxx emotions (2 points, write what kind of emotions are expressed)
4. Practical application, grasp the "33 principles"
After learning the knowledge, use it at least three times
Grasp the essence and draw inferences from one instance to other cases
The core concept of McKinsey's writing tool "Pyramid Principle" is that when writing, conclusions should come first, and conclusions should be discussed first, followed by specific arguments, and these arguments should follow the "MECE" principle, which means they should be independent of each other and completely exhaustive.
Lecture "total points total" structure
5. Practice makes perfect, practice carefully how to do it
Targeted practice
Breaking through the boundaries of capabilities bit by bit
Provide feedback during practice
Steps: Breakthrough → Practice → Feedback → Improve → Practice Anders Erikson "Deliberate Practice"
the fifth part Best state, three good helpers for minimalist learning
1. Fall in love with learning in three steps and gain endless motivation
Dreams are pushed back to awaken the desire in the heart
Dream visualization makes motivation more reliable
Self-reward, the more you learn, the more motivated you will be
2. Don’t be obsessed with self-discipline, habits are actually more important
The limited nature of self-discipline determines its unreliability
Habit is a more reliable choice
Self-discipline is limited. Before self-discipline is exhausted, let get > pay
improve
Draw inferences from one example to improve efficiency
Fall in love with learning
Reduce effort
Use minimalist learning methods to reduce time and energy consumption
The best way to reduce the consumption of self-control is to "form a habit"
Fixed study time
Fixed learning method
Fixed study place
3. Get rid of procrastination, it only takes three seconds
Accept that anyone will delay this;
Start: a small three-second ritual;
Go ahead: Just do it for two minutes first;
Do the hard stuff first: higher ranks eliminate procrastination
"Delayed gratification"