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minimalist learning method
This is a mind map about the minimalist learning method. It is introduced in detail and described comprehensively. I hope it will be helpful to those who are interested!
Edited at 2023-11-27 10:40:21
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
minimalist learning method
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
minimalist learning method
The first is the input of knowledge, which means inputting new knowledge first; The second is to digest the input knowledge and understand them all; The third is to use the knowledge learned.
Accurate input, deep digestion, and multiple outputs. input, digestion, output
Input: Enter the knowledge you want to learn. Accurate input: Use the right posture to learn accurately
Section 1: Learn accurately: Think backwards and learn knowledge that directly determines the results. Backward thinking, as the name suggests, is to work backward from the results.
We only learn the part of knowledge that can directly affect the final result, start with the end in mind, and go straight to the result. This is the underlying guarantee for efficient learning.
Break down the big goal into small goals, and then break it down into your specific actions. In this way, you have completed the entire backward thinking process.
The key link of "learning accurately" can be implemented in the following three steps.
1. Change consciousness: you must study with a truly effective purpose
2. Establish goals: deduce the implementation process and formulate achievable goals
SMART rules
S: Specific This is the first principle of setting goals, which means that the goals should be clear and specific, rather than vague and general. Only in this way can we clearly know what the specific goal is to be achieved.
M: Measurable Measurable means that there is a clear set of data that can be used as a basis for measuring whether the goal has been achieved. If the goals set cannot be measured, it is impossible to judge whether the goals have been achieved.
A: Attainable Achievable means that the goal is not too ambitious but can be achieved in reality. On the other hand, if the goal you set has basically no possibility of being achieved in reality, then such a goal is meaningless.
Preferably something you have to jump up and reach to achieve.
R: Relevant Relevance means that your goal should be related to your other goals or the overall goals of the organization. If this goal is achieved, but it does not promote the realization of other goals, or the correlation is very low, then even if this goal is achieved, it will not be of great significance.
T: Time-bound Time-bound means that the goal must be completed within a certain period of time, not indefinitely. Many people say that deadlines are the primary productive force, and this is the powerful role of time limits.
3. Scientific execution: keep a close eye on goals and reject excuses
Backward thinking is goal-oriented thinking. Only by keeping an eye on your goals at all times can you truly ensure the achievement of your goals. Because in the learning process, there are too many factors that interfere with your ability to achieve your goals.
To summarize the contents of this part, thinking backwards is actually to draw a straight line between two points. Specifically, there are four steps: First, imagine the end result. Second, work backwards from the results to the implementation process. Third, break it down into achievable tasks. Fourth, keep an eye on the goals and implement them scientifically. If you want to keep your learning process simple and efficient, then please strictly follow these four steps.
Section 2: Choose the right one: The best learning materials are those that suit you
1. Examination-based learning: Textbooks and syllabus are the best learning materials
1. The syllabus is the criterion for everything
As long as it is a standardized examination, such as the college entrance examination, the state will provide the syllabus in advance. It clearly stipulates the scope of the examination and the knowledge points of the examination. As well as the degree of examination of each knowledge point, whether it requires memorization or application, these are all stipulated.
For a knowledge point, the test syllabus requires memorization, so just memorize it without thinking about its application; As for another knowledge point, the requirement of the exam syllabus is application, so you must not only learn this knowledge point, but also carry out special exercises and use this knowledge point to solve problems; If it is a comprehensive application, you not only need to train to use this knowledge point to solve problems directly, but also train to use this knowledge point in combination with other knowledge points to solve problems.
2. Textbooks are the best learning materials
If the exam you take has official textbooks, that is the best study material. The syllabus is compiled based on the textbook. It is equivalent to the textbook being the source and the examination syllabus being the result.
So how do you understand the textbook thoroughly? There are four keywords: thorough, complete, string, and many.
Transparent: understand clearly and know why. To understand thoroughly means to understand thoroughly. You must have a thorough understanding of the knowledge points, theorems, formulas and other basic knowledge in the textbooks. It means not only knowing and remembering, but also knowing why and being able to deduce it yourself.
Complete: Leave no doubt, the particles will be returned to the warehouse. None of the knowledge points, examples, and annotations in the textbook are invalid. You must fully understand every part of the textbook, and don't think that the fine print of the annotations is unimportant. why? Because every knowledge point and every line of small words in the textbook may become a question in your exam. If you think that just a line of small text comments is not important and you have no grasp of it, then you will definitely suffer.
String: form a system and string together knowledge. I believe the teacher must have told you that you should form your own knowledge framework system and connect all the knowledge together. why? Because knowledge is systematic and rarely exists alone. Moreover, any textbook has its own knowledge system. If you want to master the content of this textbook, you must first understand the knowledge system of this textbook.
One of the simplest methods is to "read the directory".
A more advanced approach is: close the book, take out a piece of paper, and draw the knowledge structure diagram of the book on the paper. Of course, you can also open a mind mapping software and directly make a mind map of this textbook, which is also a good method.
More: Repeatedly, again and again. Classics are worth reading over and over again. Every time you read them, you will have a different feeling.
The textbook is a classic. You not only have to study through the above three processes, but you also have to read it frequently. When you encounter difficulties in solving a question, you can check the corresponding knowledge point in the textbook. You will find that it turns out that you did not fully understand the knowledge point; When your performance in a certain subject encounters a bottleneck, if you look through the textbooks, you will find that you have not mastered the knowledge systematically, so you cannot solve questions of a slightly comprehensive nature; After you have answered a lot of questions, and then look at the textbook, you may find that many of the questions you have answered are variations of the example questions in the book. In short, you should never give up on textbooks at any time. You should take them out and read them frequently. Believe me, you will gain something new every time you read it.
2. Continuous learning: sticking to the end is more important than choosing anything
For continuous learning, the most important thing is not what learning materials you choose, but that you have to learn the learning materials you choose to the end.
Choose a study material that suits you. So how to choose?
First, look at the brand.
Second, look at word of mouth.
Third, try it yourself.
3. Pursuit of essence: learn from the root, metacognition points directly to the cornerstone
1. Look at the cornerstone works to help you quickly grasp the essence
First, most of these cornerstone works are books.
Second, there are some cornerstone works, which are certain papers that pioneered this field.
Third, there are some cornerstone works that are simpler, just one or two concepts about the essence of this field.
2. Learn key methodologies, "5 hours of theory" is more important than "10,000 hours of theory"
"5-hour theory", we can learn anything (except complex and sophisticated skills) in 5 hours. Although I can't become an expert, it is enough.
The "10,000 hours theory" means that to become an expert in a certain field, you need to go through 10,000 hours of practice.
There is a "Rule of 28" in every field in this world. The key methodology can help you solve 80% of the things in this matter, and you actually only need 20% of the time to learn it. For the remaining 20%, if you don't want to become an expert or master, you can learn about it slowly, or even just ignore it, because the 80% you master is completely enough. So, believe me, learning the key methodology can help you learn anything. This is a method that you will use thousands of times in your life, and you must have this kind of thinking.
3. Understand 100 keywords: How McKinsey consultants quickly master an industry
First, know 100 keywords first.
Second, find 3 to 5 experts and sit down and talk with them for half a day to a whole day.
Third, find 3 to 5 monographs and read them carefully.
Section 3: Learn well: input new knowledge and make "sandwich cake" (Before, during, and after school) work.
1. Preview before learning: the key is to grasp the degree
The purpose of previewing is to prepare for formal learning so that we can understand the new knowledge we need to learn during formal learning.
Point 1: The knowledge is interrelated, and the preview effect will be better after review. Usually, it is best to preview the night before class, especially after the day's review or homework is completed.
Point 2: Don’t become “advanced learning”, just mark the difficult points. The key is that you have to mark the parts you don’t understand and the parts you need to listen to carefully in class. Knowing what to focus on during class is the most important thing.
Point 3: Overall preview during the winter and summer vacations, the key way to surpass your academic masters.
2. There is a purpose in learning: grasp the purpose and pay attention to the doubt points
Understand what the teacher teaches in class.
Method 1: Focus on what you didn’t understand during the preview.
Method 2: Pay attention to the beginning and the end, and follow the teacher through the knowledge chain again.
To truly learn this lesson well, you must be able to string together these knowledge yourself to form a complete knowledge system.
This requires you to pay close attention to the beginning and end of each lesson. Because at the beginning of each class, the teacher will outline and outline the content of the class, which is the structure of the class; At the end of this class, the teacher will summarize the core points of this class and then summarize the knowledge of this class for you.
In addition, in addition to starting from beginning to end, you also need to follow the teacher's rhythm throughout the class and walk through it as a whole.
If you failed to fully understand the entire knowledge chain during preview, you should follow the teacher through it so that you can understand how the knowledge chain is formed.
Method 3: If you don’t understand anything in class, ask immediately.
3. Review after learning, the most easily forgotten step
Recall what the teacher said or check the tutorial materials until you understand it completely.
Step 1: Before learning, preview to reduce the difficulty of formal learning. During the preview process, mark the doubt points so that you can focus on them during formal learning. Step 2: When studying formally, regardless of whether you are following others in class or studying on your own, this step is to have a clear purpose and understand everything you don't understand. This is the key to everything. Step 3: After you finish studying, remember to review in time, so that the effect will be better. On the one hand, it will eliminate "false understanding", on the other hand, it will prevent forgetting and deepen understanding.
Digestion: Figure out and understand what you want to learn. Deep Digestion: How to Thoroughly Understand Knowledge
Section 1 Mental Preparation: Either Have Insensitive Power or Be Unconditionally Confident
"Mental preparation". The core of mental preparation, It is to let yourself naturally complete the entire process of thoroughly understanding the knowledge. Remove all possible obstacles.
1. With the power of insensitivity, you will complete deep digestion without realizing it. "Blunt force" can be literally translated as "dull power", which means to calmly face the setbacks and pains in life and move firmly in one's own direction. It is "the means and wisdom to win a better life." People with good insensitivity are more likely to succeed. Insensitivity is an ability shared by almost all successful people.
Successful people almost all have one trait in common, that is, they have a strong "insensitive power." On the one hand, they are confident and believe they can do it; But more importantly, they don't care about the difficulties and blows they encounter on the way to pursue their goals, and they will fight to the end even if they are beaten to death.
People with good insensitivity will have faster blood flow and a more comfortable mood.
That is when you are dissatisfied with your performance and feel frustrated, Just tell yourself, "I'm not a godly man, and so are others." In this way, your mentality will instantly improve, let yourself go, and forgive yourself.
2. Unconditional self-confidence: Get rid of "fear of difficulties" and you can learn everything
Don't be afraid of difficulties and never give up until you reach your goal; knowing clearly that there are tigers in the mountains, you will go to the tiger mountains. The attitude of top academics in studying weak subjects is: face the difficulties and attack the subjects that are not working well.
Therefore, if a top student is not good at any subject, he will study that subject; if he is a bad student, if he is not good at any subject, he will not study any subject; Top academics aim to study in partial subjects, while poor students avoid partial subjects.
The reason why people with poor academic performance are reluctant to learn partial subjects is because they have fear in their hearts. I accepted the reality from the bottom of my heart that I just couldn't learn a certain subject well, and decided that I would never be able to learn it well in this life. Or you want to learn well, but you feel that you are really far behind, that you have no way to start, and that it is impossible to catch up. Once people are swayed by "fear of difficulty", they will simply give up.
In this world, there is one thing that is fair to everyone, and that is "time". Wherever you spend your time, there is your reward. With the same learning efficiency, the more time you invest, the more rewards you will get.
Start by believing, forget about the difficulties in front of you, and throw away your fear of difficulties. Please believe in yourself unconditionally: You can learn everything! Start by being brave, keep at it, and you can do it!
Section 2 Accurate self-examination: Please be extremely honest and find loopholes in three ways
To complete deep digestion, the first thing is to find your own problem, that is, find the part of yourself that has not been digested yet.
The first aspect is that you must have the right mentality
The second aspect is that you have to have the right method
1. Self-examination is anti-human, you must be extremely honest
If you really want your studies to be effective, you should do "self-analysis" and learn to self-examine your own problems. When you begin to examine yourself, you must be extremely honest in order to truly examine yourself.
2. Three methods of accurate self-examination, there is no way to escape the loopholes
1. Source self-check: self-check with checklist
Textbook learning: If you want to detect your knowledge gaps in a course, You can turn to the table of contents of the textbook and check the table of contents one by one. Check to see if the content corresponding to each directory has been mastered.
A basic detection method we use, Just follow the table of contents and retell it to see if you can tell the main points and content of this part of the table of contents. If you can, you have basically mastered it; if you can't, you have not learned it.
Of course, you can also use different standards to conduct self-tests based on the learning goals you want to achieve. If your purpose is to learn to apply it, then your test standard is to see whether you can apply it proficiently.
Study for exams: Most exams have clear exam requirements and syllabus.
The self-assessment method for this kind of learning is to take out the exam syllabus, Conduct self-tests one by one according to the test points specified in the examination syllabus and the requirements of each test point. Be sure to carefully check whether you meet the specific requirements of each test point in the syllabus.
For knowledge points that require memorization, it depends on whether you can memorize them. It doesn’t matter if you can’t apply them; For knowledge points that require comprehensive application, you need to conduct self-tests according to corresponding standards.
2. Result self-check: self-check according to the output
(1) Analyze examination papers The greatest value of a mock exam is not how many points you get on the exam. Instead, it allows you to find your own problems and fill in the gaps.
First, identify the weak sections.
Second, identify weak details.
Third, find out the reasons for losing points.
The first question: Have I really understood all the knowledge points?
Second question: Can I use this knowledge point to solve problems?
Question 3: What went wrong during my exam?
careless exam
"Four-grid scratch paper" method
Exam mentality:
Before the exam, you need to find a way to adjust your mentality. Prevent yourself from failing to perform at your true level in the examination room due to mental issues.
a matter of time
Learn to make reasonable use of exam time and make timely adjustments, It is very important to maximize your score.
(2) Analyze works If you're not studying to take a test, But to acquire certain skills through learning, It is more suitable to use the "analyzing works" method to conduct self-assessment.
3. Others help test: find these two kinds of people
(1) Find an expert
(2) Find students
You need to pay attention to the following three places: These three places are most likely your weak links.
First, you feel that you cannot explain clearly or clearly.
Second, what the other party doesn’t understand.
Third, if you don’t understand something, the other party can’t understand it either.
Section 3: Really Win: Do these three points and you will be able to thoroughly understand everything
1. The critical start: within 72 hours, start where you can.
1. It doesn’t matter where you start, the beginning itself is important
"Getting rid of inner demons" is the key step to truly overcome the difficult points in learning.
2. You must act within 72 hours, otherwise it may never start
"The 72-Hour Rule" The book says: “When you decide to do something, You have to actually start taking action within 72 hours, Otherwise you'll probably never do it again. "
3. Apply the known to the unknown. This is the easiest way to start.
There is nothing new under the sun, everything is connected, And the underlying logic of many things is the same.
2. Overcome difficulties: focus deeply and attack one at a time
Change "passive learning" to "active learning"
1. Actively explore rather than passively accept
Deeply focused learning requires you to be very clear about the purpose of learning. With a clear learning purpose, you will no longer follow the teacher’s rhythm. Instead, he will actively explore and think of various ways to achieve this goal.
2. Calm down and eliminate all distractions
Everyone's sources of interference when studying are different. You need to learn to actively block these sources of interference.
physical isolation
trivial isolation
3. Concentrate your efforts and solve one problem at a time
Concentrate without distraction and do one thing for a period of time. Achieving a result in a short time is much better than using average effort.
Knowledge will be forgotten and learned skills will become rusty. But more often than not, once a lot of knowledge is learned, it will not be forgotten in a short time. Even if you haven't been in contact with it for a while, you can pick it up quickly. After all, you already have the skills and level. Conversely, if you don’t focus on conquering a problem, they will always be your problem.
3. Use external forces: let foreign aid play a real role
1.When do you need to rely on external force?
In the first case, the learning effect is relatively poor and cannot keep up with the pace of learning.
Ask for help from teachers, classmates or additional online classes
In the second case, you study hard but never make a breakthrough.
One possibility is that your current learning method is no longer suitable for what you are learning. As for the current content, due to increased difficulty or changes in nature, New learning methods need to be used, and naturally there will be no breakthrough.
Another possibility is that your learning ability and cognitive ability have reached their limits. The new knowledge has exceeded your ability and cognitive scope.
When you encounter a bottleneck, the external force you rely on does not necessarily teach you a lot; It may just help you find your problem and give you a targeted study plan.
The external force you are looking for must be those very capable teachers. Can understand you at once, see through the essence, peel off the cocoon and draw the silk, Find your problem and give you the corresponding solution.
The third situation is to suddenly improve scores before the exam and scientifically achieve "cramming".
As long as it is a standard exam, there must be corresponding exam rules. Since there are rules, there must be traces to follow, and there must be ways to quickly and scientifically improve scores.
After you take this kind of tutoring class, what you have to do is: Follow the teacher in the tutoring class and use scientific methods to "make up for it". Instead of learning everything completely.
In the fourth case, if you want the learning effect to be better than that of ordinary people, you need to increase the intensity.
"Dimension-raising and then dimension-reducing" learning method. Specifically, it means artificially increasing the difficulty during the learning process. Hold yourself to a higher standard than learning itself.
2. Two steps for selecting foreign aid
First, clarify the purpose of borrowing external forces.
No matter what you do, the clearer your purpose, the more precise your execution will be.
You first need to clarify the purpose of using external forces. Is it to improve scores quickly or to lay a solid foundation; Do you want to improve efficiency or break through bottlenecks?
In the case of multiple purposes, these purposes must be sorted
The first purpose is the core purpose. First of all, we must ensure that the first purpose is achieved. In other words, when the first purpose and the second purpose conflict, the second purpose must give way to the first purpose.
The clearer you force yourself to think about your purpose, the better the learning effect will be.
Second, choose the “right external force” scientifically.
Able to teach primary school students in their way of thinking. It is to understand what primary school students think and how they think, and such teachers are excellent primary school teachers.
middle and high school teacher It is more important to learn and explain knowledge clearly.
Primary school teachers understand students’ way of thinking better, and their advantage is “understanding teaching”; while excellent middle school and high school teachers’ core advantage is “understanding knowledge.” The best teachers and foreign aid must both "understand teaching" and "understand knowledge." When we choose external aid, it is best if we can have both. If you really can't find it, then you need to choose between the two and see which one you value. You must first choose someone who "understands teaching"; if you can't find one, then choose someone who "understands knowledge." People who know how to teach also know how to teach. After all, if you don’t understand it yourself, you can’t teach others. On the contrary, a person who understands knowledge may not necessarily understand teaching. He may understand it himself, but he cannot explain it to you or teach you clearly.
3. The biggest role of making good use of external forces may not be to teach you lessons.
When your level is not high and you have not learned the knowledge, he also plays a very important role, which is to teach you. And when you know it, he will give you more feedback.
The external force you find, in addition to teaching you knowledge and allowing you to understand it, There is another very important responsibility, which is that during your learning process, Answer your questions and provide feedback on your learning, so that the comprehensive use effect will be better.
Output: Put the learned knowledge and skills to use. Multiple output: four layers of output to truly use knowledge
The purpose of learning knowledge is to apply it. Use knowledge, that is, output.
The first level is expressive output, that is, speaking out the knowledge learned and telling it to others. This is a very good learning method. It is the original "Feynman Learning Method" created by Nobel Prize winner in physics Richard Feynman.
To sum up the Feynman learning method in one sentence, To learn any knowledge, if you can explain it to ordinary people in your own simple words without jargon, If they can both understand and understand, it proves that you have truly understood this knowledge.
1. Tell others
First, the person you are explaining to does not understand the knowledge, or does not understand it thoroughly.
Second, the person you are explaining to should give you feedback so that you can accurately judge yourself through its feedback.
Third, learn again based on feedback and simplify your expression.
What do you mean by complete understanding? To put it simply, it means that you can explain yourself clearly. You also need to see if you are concise enough. Because if you want to speak easily and understandably, you need to simplify your expression.
2. Tell yourself
First, talk to yourself, ask and answer questions to yourself.
Second, speak to yourself first, and then listen to yourself.
You can use your mobile phone or other recording device to record what you are saying while you are speaking. For better results, you can listen to the recording the day after or a few days later. On the one hand, it is considered as a review, and on the other hand, after a while, the knowledge you learned becomes a bit unfamiliar. Under such circumstances, if you can still understand, it means you have really learned and explained clearly.
Third, write it to yourself.
When you finish reading a book, you can write your thoughts and make a mind map of the book. These are very good application methods.
You can also show others what you have written to see if they can really understand it. This is also a good way of testing.
The second level is problem-solving output, that is, using the learned knowledge to solve the problem. How to get the best results in brushing questions
1. Effectively answering questions is a process of constantly breaking through the comfort zone Breaking out of your comfort zone is a great way to grow as a person quickly.
You have to continue to test outside the boundaries of your abilities and improve yourself little by little. Always brush up on the questions that you can "jump up to" and can do through hard work, and force yourself to improve.
2. Special topic brushing, a method of brushing up questions once and for all.
The core method of brushing up on special topics is: Concentrate on solving a certain type of questions or a certain type of knowledge section for a period of time.
Thematic questions are especially suitable for you to overcome your weak areas. You need to use your most productive time period to do this, so that the effect is more guaranteed.
Solve special topics and master the golden four steps
The first step is to review knowledge.
Before completing the topic review, you need to review the corresponding knowledge. If you didn't understand it before, you need to digest it deeply again to ensure that you really understand this part of the knowledge.
The second step is to review the questions for the first time.
The first is that you can solve the problem based on the knowledge you already know. You may not be very proficient, but you can still solve it.
The second is that although you understand the knowledge, you have not applied it too much. Or they are not very proficient in mastering knowledge, and cannot solve some questions, or can only solve part of them.
You should re-consolidate your knowledge based on the topics you don't know. Of course, you can also understand the knowledge through the process of solving questions. This is equivalent to you going back to the first step and truly understanding the knowledge.
The third step is to summarize the rules.
Find common problem-solving methods and problem-solving ideas for this type of problem. Found the master key to solving this type of problem.
The fourth step is to review the questions for the second time.
We use the methods and rules for doing this type of questions summarized in the third step to review the questions for the second time. By brushing up on the questions, we can become more familiar with these methods and rules, and become familiar with them, ensuring that we can solve them quickly when we encounter such questions again.
The third level is exam output. Many of our studies may correspond to exams.
How to score scientifically in exams, how to answer more questions and get higher scores.
1. An interesting triangle relationship in the exam On the one hand, you have to make the questions based on the questions given by the question maker; On the other hand, you have to grasp the assessor's scoring standards, make good answers, and try your best to get high scores.
2. Having the thinking of the question maker is the prerequisite for getting high scores in the exam.
1. What is the question maker’s thinking?
To think like the person who asked the question, in essence, means "thinking from the perspective of the person who asked the question". Imagine yourself as the person who asked the question. Imagine what the person who asked the question was thinking when they asked the question and what they wanted to test.
Do not miss any condition or word of the title, Try to keep your thinking consistent with the person who asked the question, so that you can find a breakthrough in the question and complete the question.
2. How to train the question maker’s thinking
(1) Study real questions: Find patterns from real questions
Study the real questions, find patterns in the questions, and be very familiar with the test points and question types of the college entrance examination.
By summarizing the real questions, I have a strong thinking as a question maker. Clearly know what kind of questions the college entrance examination question makers will ask, What exactly do you want to test for each question, and then become a super "examination-oriented player"
(2) Develop a habit: Ask yourself more about what knowledge points you want to test in this question No matter which question you take, you must make yourself think about what knowledge point this question is testing.
Developing the "question maker's thinking" is a shortcut to get high scores in science, and it is also the only way to get high scores.
3. Reference answer learning method: the guarantee of getting high scores in the exam
1. Why reference answers are so important Because the standard answer is the answer that best suits the marking teacher's preferences.
First, the standard answers to previous real questions.
Second, high-quality tutoring materials and reference answers to simulation questions.
2. Learn the three keys and four steps of reference answers
(1) Three keys: answer structure, score points, and subject terminology
Answer structure: It is the skeleton of the answer, the structure that connects the entire answer. This is the first thing to learn.
Scoring points: The exam is basically based on scoring points, and the points correspond to "scoring keywords" and key steps.
Subject terminology: Answers should be consistent with the characteristics of the subject.
(2) Four steps: answer, see, repair, answer
Answer it yourself first: Write the answer yourself first.
Compare again: Compare the difference with the standard answer again.
Comparative correction: Modify your own answer based on the standard answer.
Then answer by yourself: Answer by yourself again until it is consistent with the standard answer.
After an interval of one or two days, put away the standard answer and answer this question again. After writing the answer, see if you have achieved the same answer as the standard answer. If it still doesn't work, then do these four steps again. In these four steps, please be sure to pay attention to the three key points of learning the reference answer, because this is the key to scoring.
3. Summarize the answer template and secure high scores
When learning reference answers, we need to summarize the answer templates for frequently occurring question types. In this way, in the real exam, you can answer questions directly according to this template and replace the scoring keywords.
The fourth level is to use knowledge to do things, that is, use the knowledge learned to solve problems in the real world. Putting knowledge to real use is the ultimate purpose of our learning.
Practical application, grasp the "33 principles"
1. After learning the knowledge, use it at least 3 times
After you learn some knowledge, you must use it at least 3 times immediately.
2. Grasp the essence and draw inferences from one instance to other cases
"Knowledge transfer" means transferring knowledge from one field to another field.
McKinsey, the world's top consulting firm, has a very important writing tool called the "pyramid principle."
The core idea is that when writing, the conclusion should come first, and the conclusion should be discussed first. Let’s talk about specific arguments, and these arguments need to follow the “MECE principle”. That is, they are independent of each other and completely exhaustive. This is a bit like the "total points total" structure that our teachers taught us when we were in school.
How to draw inferences from one instance? " Four words: Seize the essence!
How to capture the essence? You need "analogy skills."
Analogy allows us to learn the core way of thinking of "drawing inferences from one example". Allows us to apply certain knowledge or methods to different fields, which is "knowledge transfer".
Practice makes perfect, practice carefully how to do it Become a master through deliberate practice.
Three key points of deliberate practice: goals, breakthroughs, and feedback.
First determine what you want to achieve through practice
1. Targeted practice
Establishing clear goals can effectively guide your practice, It can also help you break down your own practice steps step by step. Let your practice be grounded and finally realized.
If your practice has no goals, There is no way to tell whether the exercise is effective.
Continuously break through the boundaries of your abilities during practice
2. Breaking through the boundaries of capabilities bit by bit
Breaking out of your comfort zone is a great way to improve yourself. The same goes for deliberate practice. If you want practice to be effective, you must break through your own ability boundaries. This ability boundary is equivalent to your comfort zone.
In the process of deliberate practice, you need to break down your current ultimate goal into small goals. Then step by step break through the boundaries of capabilities, achieve small goals, and finally achieve the final goal.
In the deliberate practice of improving yourself step by step, You will because of your continuous achievements, Be increasingly confident that the ultimate goal will be achieved.
Have a mentor or coach give you feedback on your performance
3. Feedback should be given during practice
In the process of deliberate practice, it is difficult for a person to see what problems he has. Someone needs to give feedback in a timely manner; only by finding your own problems and making timely adjustments can you effectively improve.
You can analyze your practice to give objective feedback and guide yourself to practice better.
Deliberate practice means entering into a cycle of "breakthrough → practice → feedback → improvement → practice". Make progress step by step and finally achieve your goal. Keep improving yourself and eventually become proficient in one thing.
The first advantage is simplicity. The second biggest advantage is the pursuit of accuracy and not doing wasted work. The third major advantage is to get straight to the essence.
pursuit of precision
The minimalist learning method requires us not to do blind, random, and unclear purpose learning; Moreover, every action required to be learned can directly lead to the realization of results. This requires us to develop the habit of "backward thinking". Before learning, we must first clarify our learning goals, which is the final result to be achieved. Based on this result, we can "backwards" what we should do, what we should learn, and how we should learn. We just learn what we need to use and what we get, and if we don’t do a little bit of it, it will be useless. Therefore, the minimalist learning process is extremely precise and without any waste.
A complete learning process is a process from point A (initial state) to point B (final goal). There are many roads from point A to point B. What we want to find is the shortest and easiest road. Therefore, before setting off, you need to accurately locate point B so that you can determine the location of point A according to your starting point. Find this road carefully and walk it accurately to reach point B.
Get to the essence
Input from the essence: In the input process, the minimalist learning method advocates choosing the most essential things to learn.
Digest from the root: In the digestion process, it is also emphasized that in the process of understanding, we must explore the essence and not just understand the surface; only by understanding from the root can we truly understand.
After we learn something, we need to know more other things through analogy based on what we learned. In other words, once you learn something, learn to apply it to more areas.
Best state, three good helpers for minimalist learning With these three good helpers, when using the minimalist learning method, You will be in a better learning state and ultimately achieve better learning results.
Section 1: Fall in love with learning in three steps and gain endless motivation
If you want to achieve good learning results, you must let yourself fall in love with learning itself. Connect learning with your dreams, so that you can have a steady stream of learning motivation, The learning effect is naturally guaranteed.
Original motivation is the fuel that inspires you to keep moving forward. And the more fuel you have, the more motivated you will be. Even if you are physically exhausted, you still feel full of energy when you wake up.
The first step: push back the dream and awaken the desire in your heart.
We need to push forward our dreams for the future step by step. Connect it with current learning, so that current learning will have fundamental motivation.
Step 2: Visualize your dreams to make your motivation more reliable.
Having participated in Tsinghua and Peking University’s summer camps and winter camps or visiting here made them yearn for Tsinghua and Peking University even more. Psychological research shows that people are more afraid of losing than gaining. When you have seen it and experienced it yourself, There will be a feeling of "already having it", and because you don't want to lose this sense of ownership, you will be more eager to get it. Of course, when you want something, you are more motivated.
Step 3: Reward yourself. The more you learn, the more motivated you will be.
The process of fighting for your dreams is difficult, and the learning process is not always easy. Although you have the motivation to learn, you also need to continuously inject new motivation into yourself during the learning process. All in all, learning is sometimes very difficult. You need to be able to endure loneliness. You have to learn to enjoy hardships. Reward yourself for your continuous improvement and learn to applaud yourself, so that you will become more motivated as you learn.
Section 2: Don’t be obsessed with self-discipline, habits are actually more important
Each of us can achieve self-discipline, but none of us can achieve long-term self-discipline.
1. The “limited nature” of self-discipline determines its unreliability
One of the characteristics of human nature is that as long as a person is a person, he or she has both self-discipline and unself-discipline.
The essence of self-discipline is actually self-control. Human self-control is limited.
Since self-discipline is so limited, it is obvious that self-discipline is not the best partner for learning that requires a high degree of and continuous self-discipline. At this time, we should turn our attention to "habits".
2. Habit is a more reliable choice
How can a person stick to something? In fact, it only needs to meet one requirement: getting more than you give. That is: get - pay > 0. Developing good habits will reduce the consumption of self-control. In the process of learning, what we have to do is to develop our learning process into a habit.
Fixed study time: try to fix your study time, Start learning at this point in time and make it a part of your life.
Fixed learning method: The learning method is your learning tool. The better your tools are and the more familiar you are with them. In the process of doing this, The simpler it feels, the less you need to expend too much energy to complete the learning process.
Fixed study place: If you want to study for a long time, it is best to fix your study place. It is also a good habit to go directly to a fixed location when the time comes.
Our core purpose is to be able to devote all our energy to learning itself, Make all the things that assist learning itself in the learning process a habit. Minimize the consumption of our energy. After a period of training, Will continue to increase "get" and reduce "pay", Develop relaxed study habits and have the best learning state, Achieve better learning results.
Section 3: Get rid of procrastination, it only takes three seconds
Procrastination is the biggest natural enemy of learning. If you want to persist in studying, you must overcome procrastination
1. Accept that “everyone procrastinates” Stop worrying and accept procrastination.
In the process of learning, we must try our best to protect our limited energy. Reduce energy consumption on anything that assists learning. And our irritability, uneasiness, and inner struggles caused by procrastination, It's all a kind of internal friction, which consumes a lot of energy. When you are restless, there is no way to get into a learning state quickly. These will have a great impact on your learning.
The first thing we have to do is to break ourselves out of this state and stop consuming ourselves. Procrastination is not your problem, it’s humanity’s problem. The first thing you need to do to get rid of procrastination is to accept it and tell yourself "it's not my fault." Once you accept this and calm yourself down, we can move on to the next step.
2. Let’s start: a small three-second ceremony
Say 1, 2, and 3 silently to yourself, or you can say it out loud. After that, you start your study immediately and do what you should do.
As soon as you start, you are no longer procrastinating; as long as you start taking action, it is possible to continue.
3. Keep doing it: just do it for two minutes first
"Since we've already started, let's do it for two minutes first!" When you study for two minutes, I believe there is a 99% chance that you will continue to study. After trying it, you will definitely tell me: It turns out that I can really continue to learn, and I don’t seem to procrastinate anymore.
4. Do the hard things first: higher ranks eliminate procrastination
When you complete the first three steps, you may find that you start learning and stop procrastinating. So congratulations, you have completed the first level of getting rid of procrastination; Next, we move on to the second level of eliminating procrastination.
If you do the easy things first, you will keep avoiding the difficult things. This will keep procrastinating in the process of doing things.
Putting this matter into study means that you are afraid of difficulties. Although you are studying, But always choosing the easy things to learn and avoiding the difficult parts is a new form of procrastination.
To get rid of this kind of procrastination, all you have to do is: Change the order of things and delay gratification.
Delaying gratification means not coveting temporary comfort and resetting the order of happiness and pain in life: First, face the problem and feel the pain; second, solve the problem and enjoy the happiness. This is the simple and easy way to live.