MindMap Gallery PMP-8 Quality Management
This mind map is for Xisai PMP, Chapter 8 - Quality Management - Summary of knowledge points, At the same time, there are PMP test questions with relevant knowledge points. From knowledge points to corresponding test questions, you can deepen your understanding of knowledge points!
Edited at 2023-04-07 17:42:38One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
PMP-8 Quality Management
connotation
1. process
Project quality management process
planning quality
1. Identify quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables, and a written description of how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/or standards.
2. The key is to determine the method
quality management plan
3. fixed indicators
quality measures
Management quality
1. Managing quality is the process of applying the organization's quality policy to projects and transforming the quality management plan into executable quality activities.
2. Specific execution plan to achieve corresponding quality
3. Identify ineffective processes and causes of poor quality
Control quality
1. The process of monitoring and recording the results of quality management activities in order to evaluate performance and ensure that project outputs are complete, correct, and meet customer expectations.
2. The focus is to compare with the plan, look at the results, and look for deviations
3. problem found
4. output
Verified deliverables
2. Quality and grade
quality and grade
not directly related
Need to weigh
Achieve the required quality and grade levels at the same time
3. Attribute Sampling and Variable Sampling
attribute sampling
The results are qualified and unqualified
Consistent results
result
variable sampling
Qualified level
degree of consistency
degree
4. total quality management
Participation of all employees, the whole process and the whole stage
5. Prevention vs Check
Prevention: ensuring that errors do not occur in the process
Inspection: Ensure that errors do not fall into the hands of customers
Crusby theory
Zero defect management
The definition of quality is meeting pre-requirements
Quality comes from prevention, not inspection
The quality execution standard is zero defects
Quality is measured by the cost of non-conformity
6. Precise vs Accurate
Precision
It means that the results of repeated measurements are very clustered and the dispersion is very small.
Accuracy
Refers to the measured value being very close to the actual value
7. Effectiveness of five levels of quality management
document
1. quality management plan
content
Define quality standards
effect
How to improve quality
Is an integral part of the project management plan that describes how applicable policies, procedures, and guidelines will be implemented to achieve quality objectives
including but not limited to)
Quality standards adopted by the project
Project quality goals
Quality roles and responsibilities
Need quality review
Project deliverables and processes
planned for the project
Quality control and quality management activities
Quality tools used in the project
Key procedures related to the project, such as handling of nonconformities, corrective action procedures, and continual improvement procedures
2. quality measures
What standards does quality need to meet?
Dedicated to describing project or product attributes and how the control quality process will verify compliance
Examples of quality measures include
1. Percentage of tasks completed
2. Cost performance measured by CPI, failure rate, number of daily defects identified
3. Total downtime per month
4. Errors per line of code
5. customer satisfaction score
6. The percentage of requirements covered by the test plan (test coverage)
3. Business environment factors and organizational process assets
business environment factors
organizational process assets
tool
1. data collection
Checklist
A list of qualities to consider
Checklist
Checklist
When identifying defects
Table used to count the number of defects
also called counting table
Used to arrange items in a logical manner so that useful data on potential quality issues can be collected efficiently
Data can be provided for Pareto charts
Benchmarking
It is the comparison of actual or planned project practices or project quality standards with the practices of comparable projects in order to identify best practices, formulate suggestions for improvement, and provide a basis for performance appraisals
It is also allowed to use projects in different application fields or industries to make analogies.
Copy, learn from, innovate
Brainstorming
Interview
2. data analysis
Cost-benefit analysis (planning phase)
Compare costs to expected benefits
A financial analysis tool used to estimate the advantages and disadvantages of alternatives to determine which alternatives will create the best benefits
Helps project managers determine whether planned quality activities are cost effective
Cost of Quality (Planning Phase)
1. Consistency cost
prevention cost
Create high quality
1. training
2. Documentation process
3. equipment
4. Complete time
Evaluate costs
Assess quality
1. test
2. Destructive testing losses
3. inspect, review, audit
2. Non-consistency costs
internal failure costs
Found in the project
1. Rework
2. scrapped
3. extra inventory
external failure costs
customer discovery
1. debt
2. Warranty
3. lose business
4. loss of credibility
planning stage
Prevention→Assessment→Internal processing→Leave it to the customer
Before discovering the problem
A problem has occurred
Root Cause Analysis
Find the cause of the problem
Make suggestions and eliminate problems
Alternatives analysis
File analysis
process analysis
performance review
3. Data performance
Histogram
Bar chart showing numbers and data
Control Charts
definition
Control charts are used to determine whether a process is stable or has predictable performance
The upper and lower specification limits are based on requirements and reflect the allowable maximum and minimum values.
Determine whether the process is stable and serve as a warning
Rules for determining loss of control
line of control principle
If any point exceeds the control boundary (upper or lower)
This process is out of control
seven-point principle
If there are seven consecutive points on the same side of the center line
This process is out of control
flow chart
definition
A flowchart is a graphical representation of a process that shows the interrelationships between the steps in the process.
Which step needs to be located where the problem occurs?
Positioning problem
Help improve processes
Improve process
Identify possible quality defects
Identify defects
A flowchart shows the sequence of steps that lead to a defect
Used to show the steps and possible branches required in the process of converting one or more inputs into one or more outputs.
Input→Output, required steps and branches
cause and effect diagram
Look for
main reason
root cause
State the reason for the problem
decomposed into discrete branches
Helpful in identifying problems
main reason, root cause
Pareto chart
definition
A chart used to arrange quality problems and quality improvement projects in order of importance.
For identified issues
Frequency of sorting issues
Find out what problems need to be solved first
The Pareto Principle (80/20 principle) states that a relatively small number of causes usually cause the majority of problems or defects
Scatter plot
relationship between two variables
two variables
Matrix diagram
Affinity diagram
mind Mapping
4. problem found
audit
1. definition
A structured and independent process to determine whether project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures
1. project activities
2. Follow policies, processes, procedures
3. Structured
4. independent
2. Process Compliance
Check process
3. Avoid quality that does not meet quality standards
4. Avoid rework
5. quality audit
1. It is a review of the process and can be used to determine whether the project activities follow the policies, processes and procedures of the organization and the project to ensure the correctness of the process and ensure that the deliverables meet the requirements
2. Quality audits are usually conducted by a team external to the project
external team
1. Organization internal audit department
2. Project Management Office (PMO)
3. Auditors outside the organization
test
1. definition
1. Testing is an organized, structured investigation
2. Aims to provide objective information about the quality of the product or service being tested based on project needs
2. Purpose
Is to identify errors, defects, vulnerabilities or other non-compliance issues in products or services
3. Different fields require different tests
1. software test
Black box testing, white box testing
2. construction project
Cement strength testing, concrete and ease of use testing
4. Consistency of results across processes
test result
5. Avoid quality failures that require testing
examine
1. definition
Inspection is the examination of work product to determine compliance with written standards
2. The inspection is for specific results
Inspections are reviews of results, not project activities
3. Audit, test, inspection and comparison
Checklist
Checklist
also called counting table
Used to arrange items in a logical manner so that useful data on potential quality issues can be collected efficiently
Data can be provided for Pareto charts
5. analyse problem
Root Cause Analysis
Find the cause of the problem
two insights
The project manager (everyone) should have the spirit to break through the casserole and get to the bottom of the problem, and have the ability to see through the phenomenon and see the essence.
Break the casserole and ask the truth
At work, you should not only be a discoverer and deliverer of problems, but also an analyzer and proposer of solutions.
discoverer, transmitter
Analyst, solution proposer
Make suggestions and eliminate problems
6. Solve the problem
Design for X
Design for X
Design for
The "X" in Dfx can refer to different aspects of product development
For example: reliability, deployment, assembly, manufacturing, cost, service, availability, safety and quality
Use Dfx to reduce costs, improve quality, increase performance and customer satisfaction
7. problem solved
If there is a problem, analyze it first and then act.
Remember: This is also the idea for PMP questions
8. Summarize
Flow of deliverables