MindMap Gallery Organic Chemistry-Heterocyclic Compounds and Alkaloids
This is a mind map about heterocyclic compounds and alkaloids. Alkaloids are a class of nitrogen-containing organic compounds that usually have complex ring structures and have significant biological activity.
Edited at 2024-01-17 21:27:39One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Heterocyclic compounds and alkaloids
Nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds
Single heterocycle
Pyrrole
Thiophene
Furans
Pyridine (six-membered ring)
Heterocyclic compound structure
In order to achieve aromaticity, some P orbitals have two electrons, and some have one, all of which are SP2 hybridized.
Comparing aromaticity
According to the difference in electronegativity between heteroatoms and carbon atoms
The greater the difference, the weaker the aromaticity.
Aromaticity: electrophilic substitution is easy to occur, but pro-site addition is not easy to occur
Electron rich, electron deficient
π electron average
Chemical properties of heterocyclic compounds
Acidity and alkalinity
electrophilic substitution
Halogenated
rich electronics
alpha position
multiple substitutions
lack of electrons
AlCl3, 100℃
Nitrification
rich electronics
No need for HNO3 (too intense)
lack of electrons
Concentrated nitric acid heating
sulfonation
rich electronics
SO3
lack of electrons
oleum heating
Friedel-Crafts reaction
rich electronics
lack of electrons
not happen
redox
Restore (H2 bonus)
Oxidation (potassium permanganate/nitric acid)
D-A reaction
Furopyrrole (poor aromaticity, prone to addition)
alkaloids