MindMap Gallery Organic Chemistry-Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
This is a mind map about carboxylic acid and its derivatives. The derivatives of carboxylic acid refer to a series of compounds formed after certain groups or atoms in the carboxylic acid molecule are replaced by other groups or atoms.
Edited at 2024-01-17 21:27:18One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
carboxylic acid
Formic acid and oxalic acid are reducing
Methods for preparing carboxylic acids
Oxidation of alkyl groups on aromatic rings
Oxidation of Alkenes
Oxidation of primary alcohols
Oxidation of aldehydes
Hydrolysis of nitriles
Grignard reagent reacts with carbon dioxide
Carboxylic acid Chemical Properties
Acidic
Generation of carboxylic acid derivatives
acid halide
Carboxylic acid SOCl2
PX3,PX5
ester
dehydration condensation
Anhydride
P2O5
Amide
heating
decarboxylation
monocarboxylic acid
decarboxylation
Oxalic acid
Decarboxylation and dehydration
Malonate
decarboxylation
succinic acid glutaric acid
dehydration
Adipic acid pimelic acid
Decarboxylation and dehydration
α-H halogenation reaction
P
More difficult because -OH will give electrons (conjugation)
reduction reaction of carboxyl group
LiAlH4 in ether solution
Convert carboxylic acid to primary alcohol
Does not reduce carbon-carbon double bonds
carboxylic acid derivatives
name
acid halide
First replace the halogen atom with a hydroxyl group
Anhydride
Same ether
ester
Amide
First replace the amino group with the hydroxyl group
chemical properties
hydrolysis
Amides do not hydrolyze
Alcoholysis
Aminolysis
Acid anhydride: obtain carboxylic acid ammonium salt
Ester condensation reaction
beta-ketoester
Keto-enol interconversion
After interconversion, a six-membered ring is formed due to hydrogen bonding.
substituted carboxylic acid
Hydroxy acid Properties
Acidic
dehydration reaction
alpha-hydroxy acid
intermolecular anhydride
beta-hydroxy acid
Intramolecular dehydration to form α-unsaturated carboxylic acid
r-hydroxy acid
Intramolecular dehydration to form lactone
Chemical Properties of Carbonyl Acids
decarboxylation
Concentrated sulfuric acid heating
Generate CO2
Summarize
Activity: acid halide>anhydride>ester>amide
Carboxylic acids do not react with HX Because of strong violation of activity, preparation of weak activity