MindMap Gallery Organic Chemistry-Aldehydes and Ketones
This picture shows the chemical properties of organic chemistry - aldehydes and ketones, including: carbonyl addition nucleophilic addition reaction, ammonia derivative nucleophilic addition elimination reaction, a active hydrogen, redox, let's take a look.
Edited at 2023-04-04 15:24:17One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
aldehydes and ketones
chemical properties
Carbonyl addition nucleophilic addition reaction
hydrocyanic acid
sodium bisulfite
White crystals precipitate to identify aldehydes and ketones
alcohol and water
Hemiacetal to acetal
In organic synthesis, aldehydes and ketones are often made into acetals to protect the carbonyl group.
Grignard reagent
Formaldehyde produces primary alcohol
aldehyde to secondary alcohol
Keto generates tertiary alcohol
acetylide
Nucleophilic addition elimination reaction of ammonia derivatives
Equivalent to direct dehydration double bond connection
a active hydrogen
Keto-enol tautomerism
Ketone groups are more likely to form tautomers than ester groups
Halogenated
Fully halogenated under alkaline conditions
Iodoform reaction
Substances with 3 a hydrogens Identify acetaldehyde, methyl ketone and other substances
Aldol condensation
One for OH and one for H to dehydrate directly.
Intramolecular—five-membered/six-membered ring dehydration products
Hydrogen aldehydes and ketones cannot condense by themselves but can cross-condensate
redox
Oxidation
Acidic direct COOH
Cyclic Ketone Disconnects Two COOH
Identify aldehydes and ketones: oxidize aldehydes but not ketones
Toulon's reagent
Fehling's reagent
Distinguish between aliphatic aldehydes (which work) and aromatic aldehydes (which do not work)
Bancroft's reagent
reduction
Catalytic hydrogenation
Reduction of unsaturated bonds =O to OH
Metal oxide (LiAlH4 NaBH4)
Unsaturated bonds remain unchanged
Clemson reduction (ZnHg) acidic
=Odirect ch2
Huang Minglong alkaline
No disproportionation (no a hydrogen)
Autoredox, concentrated alkali, one molecule becomes acidic and the other molecule becomes alcoholic
Formaldehyde is always oxidized to formic acid