MindMap Gallery Organic Chemistry-Carboxylic Acids
This mind map about organic chemistry - carboxylic acids briefly organizes the chemical properties of carboxylic acids, carbonyl acids, substituted acids (molecules containing carboxyl and hydroxyl groups), and carboxylic acid derivatives.
Edited at 2023-04-04 15:23:21One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
carboxylic acid
chemical properties
Acidic
Formic acid is the most acidic
Electron-withdrawing group: inter-orthogonal pair Electron-donating group: inter-orthogonal pair
Generation of carboxylic acid derivatives
acid halide
Anhydride
P2O5 is heated for dehydration. Two molecules of carboxylic acid remove one molecule of water.
ester
carboxylic acids and alcohols
Both acid and alcohol activities are equally similar.
Amide
First generate ammonium salt and then dehydrate
decarboxylation
Sodium salt and alkali dissolve in each other
a Hydrogen halogenation
Monohalogen
dicarboxylic acid reaction
Heating decarboxylation produces CO2
Carbonyl acid
reduction
decarboxylation
Substituted acids (molecules containing carboxyl and hydroxyl groups)
Oxidation
OH changes=O
dehydration
Heating the carboxyl OH and hydroxyl H
Adjacent change =
decarboxylation
Heating with dilute sulfuric acid to change aldehyde and formic acid
carboxylic acid derivatives
chemical properties
hydrolysis
Acid chloride acid anhydride ester amide
Hydrolysis produces carboxylic acid
Alcoholysis
Reacts with alcohol to form corresponding ester
Ammonolysis
Reacts with ammonia or amines to form amides
reduction
Ester condensation
One molecule of ester loses one molecule of alcohol