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A Brief History of Humanity
The essential reading notes of "A Brief History of Humankind". This book tells the history of human evolution and development from the Stone Age to the 21st century from the perspective of the origin and development of human history.
Edited at 2024-01-11 15:04:07- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
A Brief History of Humanity
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
A brief history of mankind
cognitive revolution
Why Homo sapiens?
cognitive revolution
The ability to talk about fictional things and fictional stories
Country, religion, brand, law, justice, human rights
Use imaginary abstract concepts to establish cooperation, communication, and order
Respond to rapidly changing challenges, adjust social behavior, and innovate
What happened after the cognitive revolution and before the agricultural revolution?
forager society
There is a healthy and varied diet, relatively short working hours, and few infectious diseases.
Scarcity of supplies, difficult seasons, and high child mortality
'Animistic' beliefs
The human flood that destroyed the world
Homo sapiens is the killer of biological extinction
The first wave of extinctions was due to the expansion of foragers
The second wave of extinction was due to the expansion of farmers
The Third Wave of Extinction: Species Extinction Caused by Industrial Activity
agricultural revolution
Why did the Agricultural Revolution happen in the Middle East, China, and Central America?
Of the thousands of species hunted and gathered by our ancient ancestors, only a handful were suitable for farming and animal husbandry. These species only grow in specific places, and these places are where the agricultural revolution originated.
Was the Agricultural Revolution a great advance driven by human brainpower?
No evidence of significant changes in human intelligence
Generally speaking, farmers work harder than foragers and end up with a worse diet
What did the Agricultural Revolution bring?
settled life
single diet
develop social structure
The population has grown significantly, malnutrition and disease have become more severe
Why does "progress" that makes life easier end up adding heavy shackles to these farmers?
Because we cannot truly understand the final results of various decisions
All kinds of efforts to make life easier only bring endless troubles to people
Why can't I go back? Cumulative effect, all changes must be accumulated bit by bit, and it will take many generations to change society. By then it will be too late to turn back.
The success of species evolution does not mean the happiness of individuals
Why can’t humans discover that the current order is actually just imagination?
1. The order constructed by imagination is deeply integrated with the real world
The real world is constructed by this set of order logic.
2. The order constructed by imagination shapes our desires
People’s most basic desires are also shaped
3. The order constructed by imagination exists in the connection of thoughts between people
Subjective, objective and intersubjective concepts
If there is no biological instinct for large-scale cooperation in human genes, how can all cooperative networks be maintained?
Humans have created an order constructed from imagination and invented writing, both of which make up for the deficiencies in our genes.
Vicious cycle: an accidental historical event becomes a rigid social system routine
Fusion and Unity of Humanity
History and Culture
Culture is always changing, and there is no such thing as a completely pure culture
The conflict of cultural concepts is the engine of cultural development
The general direction of historical development-thousand-year span
Global culture moves from fragmentation to unity, with internal differences
money
Benefits of Inventing Money?
It became easier and cheaper to convert, store and transport wealth, and later complex business networks and a thriving market economy developed
How money works?
essentially existing in imagination
Money is the most universal and effective trust system ever created.
Money has stripped away its practical value and moved towards credit value
Its value is guaranteed by authority and order
principles of money system
Everything is replaceable
It allows you to turn land into the loyalty of your men, justice into health, and violence into knowledge.
Believed by all
With money as a medium, any two people can collaborate on various plans
The influence of money system
Allow tens of thousands of strangers to cooperate, and globalization provides the foundation
Money conversion rules affect people’s basic values
empire
What is an empire?
First, the empire must rule over many different peoples, each with different cultural identities and independent territories.
Second, the characteristic of an empire is that its territory can be flexibly adjusted and its territory can be expanded almost infinitely.
Empire equals evil?
critique of empire
1. The imperial system just doesn’t work. In the long run, conquering many different peoples will make it difficult to rule efficiently.
The imperial government was actually very stable
Empires usually fall because of external aggression or internal strife among the ruling elite.
2. Even if it can be ruled effectively, it is immoral, because the empire is the evil engine that causes all kinds of destruction and exploitation. Every ethnic group has the right to self-determination and should not be controlled by other ethnic groups.
Fighting against imperial rule has always been poorly documented
The nation will slowly be digested by the empire, and eventually its unique culture will disappear.
positives and negatives of empire
war, slavery, expulsion and genocide
Philosophy, art, justice and public welfare
imperial ideology
Rule the world and work for the welfare of all mankind
The obligation to spread justice and harmony to the entire world
imperial influence
Promote cultural integration
Small culture merges into big culture
spread of ideas
Specify unified standards
weights and measures
system
Ethnic Fusion
religion
A system of human norms and values based on a transhuman order
Two basic elements
1. Religion believes that there is a superhuman order in the world, and it is not based on human imagination and agreement
2. Based on this superhuman order, religion will develop norms and values that it considers binding
Qualities needed to spread widely
First, the transhuman order it believes in must be universal and true regardless of time and space.
Second, it must also firmly spread this belief to the public
Review viewing history
Looking at the overall situation, from many small cultures to a few large cultures and finally to a global single culture, it should be an inevitable result of human history.
History sometimes takes completely unexpected paths
It is an ironclad rule of history that what seems inevitable in hindsight was never obvious at the time.
History is such a mess. History is so unexplainable that it cannot be predicted with certainty.
Second level chaotic system
Why study history after all?
History is not like physics or economics, where the aim is not to make accurate predictions. The reason why we study history is not to know the future, but to expand our horizons and understand that the present is neither "natural" nor inevitable.
The choice of history is never for the benefit of mankind. As history evolves, there is no evidence that human well-being will inevitably improve.
The standard of "goodness"
scientific revolution
discover one's ignorance
There are three major differences between modern science and previous knowledge systems:
1. Be willing to admit your ignorance
2. Center on observation and mathematics
3. Acquire new abilities
The ability to apply theory to practice and innovate
It was not until the advent of the capitalist system and the Industrial Revolution that science, industry, and military technology began to have an inseparable relationship.
Science is unable to determine its own direction of development
The feedback loop between science, empire and capital has undoubtedly been the main engine driving the evolution of history over the past 500 years.
science and empire
The relationship between scientific revolution and modern imperialism is inseparable
Why Europe?
The reason why Europe was able to dominate the world after 1850 largely relied on cooperation in the military, industrial and scientific fields.
China and the Islamic world are different because of the entire idea and organization of society.
modern science and capitalism
Admit ignorance and set out to find new knowledge and new territories
Where did Europe's ambition to explore and conquer come from?
The driving force behind modern science and modern empires is a dissatisfaction, a feeling that there must be something important in the distance, waiting for them to explore and master
complement each other
Scientists provided the empire with a variety of practical knowledge, ideological foundations, and scientific and technological tools
The conquerors repaid the scientists by providing all kinds of information and protection, funding all kinds of strange and fascinating research, and spreading scientific thinking to every remote corner of the earth.
capitalism
my thinking
The author views human issues from the perspective of the entire history of Homo sapiens