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A brief history of mankind
Electronically based on the mind map included with the official book
Edited at 2020-10-30 21:32:19- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
A brief history of mankind
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
A brief history of mankind
Part One: The Cognitive Revolution
time
1. About 13.5 billion years ago, the matter, energy, time, and space of the universe became what they are today, forming the science of physics.
2. About 3.8 billion years ago, molecules combined to form fine structures—organisms, forming biology
3. About 2.5 million years ago, humanoids appeared
4. About 2 million years ago, different human species existed in the entire world, including Homo Rudolfus in East Africa, Homo erectus in East Asia, and Neanderthals in Europe and West Asia. However, it is only known that about 10,000 years ago, only Homo sapiens remained. This kind of person
5. About 70,000 years ago, "Homo sapiens" began to create more complex structures, forming "culture", and culture continued to develop, forming history. There are three kinds of revolutions on the road of history - the "cognitive revolution" 70,000 years ago, the "agricultural revolution" 10,000 years ago, and the "scientific revolution" 500 years ago.
reason
Natural genetic mutation
Features
unique features
There is a lion by the river
Can convey more and more information about the environment around Homo sapiens, and plan and execute complex plans, such as avoiding lions and hunting bison.
Gossip
Ability to convey greater amounts of information about Homo sapiens social relationships and organize larger, more cohesive groups of up to 150 people
Communities, companies, social networks, military units and other groups are still affected by this
fictional story
Ability to convey information about fictional concepts such as tribal patron saints, nations, limited companies, and human rights
In modern society, businessmen and lawyers are wizards, setting rules and building communities.
The company is a collective imagination
Homo sapiens
time
1 million years ago
Features
Big brain
Occupies volume and consumes a lot of money
cost
Muscle atrophy
Spend more time looking for food
Walk upright
Evolution in a shorter time period has prompted humans to be born prematurely
Outstanding social skills
Strong plasticity
use tools
middle of food chain
About 1 million years ago, even though they had large brains and stone tools, they were still in the middle of the food chain and relied on collecting to survive.
The main purpose of early stone tools was to allow humans to finish their meals on large animals, approach the few remaining prey carcasses, crack open the bones, and eat the only edible marrow to sustain themselves.
Top of the food chain
400,000 years ago, several human species began to hunt large animals. It was not until the rise of Homo sapiens 100,000 years ago that humans jumped to the top of the food chain.
Humanity has reached the top in a blink of an eye, catching the entire ecosystem off guard. Many ecological disasters originate from this too hasty historical jump.
top evolution
Between 70,000 and 30,000 years ago, Homo sapiens invented boats, oil lamps, bows and arrows, needles, and the first sculptures that could be called works of art, as well as religion, commerce, and social stratification.
Key Achievements of the Cognitive Revolution
form different languages and cultures
Part Two: The Agricultural Revolution
collecting society
The formation of the gluttonous gene
Ancient foragers, if they encountered high-calorie sweets, their best choice in order to survive was to eat them until they could no longer eat them. Even today, with material surplus, humans are still unable to quit high-energy diets
monogamy
Evolutionary psychologists believe that ancient tribes did not have monogamy or the concept of a father. A group of people raised tribal children together.
Supporters of "ancient communes" believe that monogamy is the cause of interpersonal isolation and high divorce rates in post-industrial society.
Life
A gathering society hunted about once every three days, and 3-6 hours each time was enough to feed the tribe, which was shorter than modern people's working hours.
Most live to be 60 or even 80 years old
Omnivorous habits, no malnutrition
War is a social phenomenon that has appeared in collecting societies. Human beings are closely related but they still kill the old and the weak
Agricultural Society
Domestication
animal domestication
9000 B.C. Goats
4000 BC, horses
3500 B.C. Camels
plant domestication
9000 B.C. Wheat
8000 BC, peas and lentils
5000 BC, olive tree
3500 BC, grapes
3500 B.C. Cashew nuts
9500 BC - 3500 BC, wheat, rice, corn, potatoes
Impact: Increase in food, weakening of human survival crisis, surge in population, emergence of pampered elites
significance
1. The concepts of home and territory emerge. "Home" After the awareness of the private sphere has been strengthened, more and more serious "hamster syndrome" has developed, and people are willing to hoard property.
2. The importance of “the future” has become increasingly prominent. Learning to look at the weather and predict the future affects the survival of Homo sapiens
3. Text
reason
1. The brain has limited capacity
2. Human beings are bound to die.
3. The human brain has gradually become accustomed to storing and processing only specific types of information, and its ability to accurately store numbers has weakened.
definition
Text is a way of storing information using physical symbols
type
Sumerian writing
The world's first written language, the first written records were financial documents
Nature: It can only express part of the meaning, but cannot express it completely. From 3000 BC to 2500 BC, symbols were gradually added to become completely ideographic, that is, "cuneiform"
Features: Numbers are represented by symbols in units of 6, recorded on the stone tablet
Andes
Tie knots on ropes of various colors to express this, which becomes the "knot language"
Different ropes and different knotting methods record a large amount of digital data
ancient egyptian hieroglyphs
Time: Between 3000 BC and 2500 BC
Nature: complete expression
China and Mesoamerica: 1200 BC in China and complete ideograms in Mesoamerica between 1000 and 500 BC
In the post-agricultural revolution era, human beings developed rapidly through writing and shared fictional stories, which gave rise to different classifications of social groups: free people/slaves, rich/poor, white/black
Part Three: The Integration and Unification of Humanity
direction of history
What lasts a long time will inevitably separate. It is just a temporary situation. What will last a long time will inevitably merge. This is the general trend.
In 10,000 B.C., foragers knew their island
No one knew Tasmanians existed for 12,000 years before arriving in Europe in the 19th century
In 10,000 B.C., there were thousands of civilizations on Earth
In 2000 BC, there were only two to three thousand human civilizations left.
Four worlds of considerable size and complexity
1. Mesoamerican World
2.Andean World
3. Australian World
4. Atlantic World
Today's world
The same geopolitical system
same economic system
same legal system
same scientific system
currency
The conditions under which all humans become "us" (the basis for cooperation between sapiens and strangers): the monetary order in the economy, the imperial order in the political and the new global religion
Gatherers have no concept of money at all
Self-sufficient, forming an economic system based on favors and obligations. If rare items cannot be obtained, they will exchange them with strangers.
agricultural revolution period
Each village is self-sufficient and requires only certain services
After the rise of cities and kingdoms
Improvements in transportation infrastructure finally gave rise to opportunities for specialization
Dense cities begin to support professional workers
Specialized occupations: shoemaker, doctor, carpenter, lawyer
Exchange goods and protect basic life
How goods made by different experts are traded
Money works on trust
The human world exists in the common imagination and is made up
principles of money system
Everything is replaceable
Believed by all
Using money as a medium, any two people can cooperate on various plans
One of the most important decisive factors in the rapid development of human society
empire
Conditions: The empire must rule different peoples, have different cultures and independent territories
Features: The territory can be flexibly adjusted and can be expanded almost infinitely.
common criticism
1. The imperial system has its own flaws, making it difficult to rule different ethnic groups efficiently in the long run.
2. Even if it can be ruled, the method must be immoral. Empire is the engine of all kinds of evil and exploitation
religion
law
1. The superhuman order it believes in must be universal and true regardless of time and space.
2. It must firmly spread this belief to the masses
development path
From the pantheism of the gatherer society to the agricultural revolution, the religious revolution also emerged. In the values of collectors, humans and animals are equal, and every animal must be respected
The original religious significance of the Agricultural Revolution: turning animals and plants from creatures equal to humans to belongings of humans
The emergence of "gods", gods can be kind to humans and communicate and negotiate with these silent animals and plants
Part 4: The Scientific Revolution
discover one's ignorance
Time: Human power has grown unprecedentedly over the past 500 years. The population in 1500 AD was approximately 500 million, and the current population is 7 billion.
The difference between modern scientific system and previous knowledge system
1. Previous knowledge systems were based on omniscience, while modern science admits its own ignorance.
2. Focus on observation and teaching
3. Use existing capabilities to develop new technologies
The value judgment of "knowledge" lies in its practicality, which is based on whether it can enable humans to create materials, obtain power or rights.
Nationalism is the only modern ideology in which death remains central
The influence of ideology on science: One of the conditions for the development of scientific research is to join forces with certain religions or ideologies, which may then affect or even influence research results.
The marriage of science and empire
Common mentality and starting point: admit one’s ignorance
European imperial expeditions changed the course of the world: national cultures transformed from independent development to the gradual integration into a single human society
The relationship between science and empire
Scientists provide the empire with practical knowledge, ideological foundations, and technological tools
The Empire provided scientists with material funding, information, and protection, and ensured that research results were widely disseminated
capitalist dogma
The role of credit: Capitalism uses human credit to realize the rules for small capital to operate into large capital.
Conditions for the rise of capitalism: "Trust" is the backing of money transactions
The role of capitalism: Promoting the rise of modern science and also influencing the emergence of European imperialism
The relationship between the government and the capital market, reducing intervention and allowing the market to operate freely
giant ship of industry
finite theory
Are energy and raw materials limited?
Limited stages: When energy is almost exhausted, new replacements can always be found.
Phase changes, energy changes accordingly
Optimistically speaking, energy is inexhaustible
a permanent revolution
After the Industrial Revolution, animals faced a survival crisis and Homo sapiens became the global hegemon.
Homo sapiens isolated themselves from nature and created a set of standards to live by
The state and market are replacing the old ways of family and community
Nuclear power becomes the only check and balance standard and means in the new world
happy happy days
Money is not everything, the happiness that money brings has its limits
Determination of happiness standards: the degree to which objective conditions such as wealth, health, and community are consistent with subjective expectations
The biological explanation for “happiness”: producing enough serotonin, dopamine and oxytocin
Projected future: The end of Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens maintain their lives by connecting to machines and other biological creations, and the future of sapiens will become the existence of non-homo sapiens.
Crisis awareness: Homo sapiens robots develop independent consciousness and rise up to resist their human masters
Two possibilities: Homo sapiens evolved or was completely wiped out, and the development of history is still unknown.