MindMap Gallery Project Demonstration Project Feasibility Study Study Notes Mind Map
Project feasibility study study notes for project demonstration, a comprehensive evaluation of the areas involved in the project, the amount of investment, the benefits of investment, the technology used, the environment, financing measures, and the social benefits generated, and determine the investable value.
Edited at 2023-02-25 13:04:18One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Project Demonstration Project Feasibility Study Study Notes Mind Map
Determine the investment value by comprehensively evaluating the areas involved in the project, the amount of investment, the benefits of the investment, the technology used, the environment, the financing measures, and the social benefits generated.
Purpose of Feasibility Study
Use the minimum cost to determine the following questions in the shortest possible time: Is the project necessary (necessity)? Can it be done (possibility)? Is it worth doing (effectiveness)?
Feasibility study content
Technical feasibility analysis
Whether you can use existing or possible technical capabilities, product functions, and human resources to achieve the project's goals, functions, and performance within the deadline
Consider project development risks, consider the availability of human resources, consider the feasibility of technical capabilities, and consider the availability of materials and products
Economic feasibility analysis
Expenditure analysis (one-time such as development fees, training fees, travel expenses, equipment purchase expenses and non-one-time such as wages, water and electricity, consumables)
Income analysis (direct such as sales revenue, indirect such as reduced production costs after the project is launched, others)
Income-to-investment ratio and payback period analysis
Sensitivity analysis (the impact on expenditure returns when key factors change)
Operational environment feasibility analysis
It is the key to the effectiveness of the system in the user unit. Whether it can run smoothly in the user unit and establish such an operating environment
The operating environment is often re-established and has uncertainty.
Other feasibility analysis
Legal feasibility (contract liability, intellectual property rights), social feasibility (analysis of the impact of social environment, natural environment and social benefits)
Basic steps for a feasibility study
Determine the project scale and goals, study the running system, establish a logical model of the new system, derive and evaluate various solutions (candidate system solution matrix), recommend feasibility solutions (feasibility analysis matrix weighted scoring), write and submit feasible solutions sex research report
Feasibility study report: introduction, cited documents, premise of feasibility study, optional solutions, proposed system, economic, technical and legal user feasibility, other project-related issues, notes, appendices
Project demonstration
Research activities that conduct a comprehensive analysis of the technological advancement, applicability, economic rationality, profitability, implementation possibility, and risk of the project to be implemented to provide a basis for decision-making; focus on market, technology, and financial investigation and analysis , the market is the premise, technology is the means, and finance and economics are the core
effect
It is one of the basis for determining whether the project will be implemented.
It is one of the basis for raising funds and loans.
It is one of the basis for planning, designing and purchasing resource allocation.
It is one of the guarantees to prevent risks and improve project efficiency.
General procedure
Clarify project scope and goals
Collect and analyze relevant information
Develop multiple feasible alternative implementation plans
Multiple program analysis and comparison
Comprehensive argument for selecting the optimal solution
Prepare project demonstration report, environmental impact report, and procurement method approval report
Prepare fund raising plan and implementation progress plan
content
Project financial assessment, national economic assessment, environmental impact assessment, social impact assessment
in principle
Combining compliance, policy, technology and economy, attaching importance to data, strengthening scientific forecasting, combining micro and macroeconomic effects, combining short-term and long-term economic effects, and combining qualitative and quantitative analysis
stage
Opportunities to study
Select investment opportunities, identify investment directions, the cost accuracy is about 30%, the time required is 1-3 months, and the required fees are 0.2-1%
Project goals and motivations
Research from the aspects of market demand, policy orientation and technological development
Users who conduct basic research, conduct application research and development, and provide technical services and products
Project value judgment
Choose projects with core values
Project selection and determination
Evaluate the selected projects, prioritize the projects, evaluate various implementation methods of the project (self-development, outsourcing without involvement, buying products, hiring professionals), and choose the appropriate solution in a balanced way
Preliminary investigation
Preliminary demand analysis, basic status of the enterprise, management methods and basic data management status, and existing system status
preliminary feasibility study
A preliminary assessment of the project after market and customer surveys, a comprehensive description, analysis and demonstration of the project. The preliminary feasibility study report is a formal document that forms a project proposal and makes a project decision.
Whether the project is viable and has high economic benefits, about 20%, time 4-6 months, cost 0.25-1.25%
Purpose
Analyze the preliminary work of the project to determine whether in-depth investigation and research should continue; initially estimate and determine the key technologies and core issues in the project to determine whether they need to be solved; assist in research to solve the core issues of the project, and determine whether the technology, experiment, and Manpower conditions as support
content
Market and production capacity, equipment and material input analysis, network planning physical layout selection, project schedule arrangement, project investment and cost estimation, project overall planning, information system design, equipment planning, network engineering planning
Four results
Positive: For relatively small projects, it can even be launched directly; Positive: Transfer to detailed feasibility study for more in-depth analysis; carry out special research; Negative: The project should be cancelled.
The project proposal
The basis for project selection by the state or superior authorities is also the basis for feasibility studies. Foreign-funded projects can only start external work after the project proposal is approved.
core content
Necessity of the project, market forecast of the project, market forecast of product solutions or services, necessary conditions for project construction
write
Cross-regional and cross-industry projects and projects that have a significant impact on the national economy and people's livelihood, and joint venture projects are jointly proposed by relevant departments and regions and prepared after reaching an agreement of intent. Large, medium, and above quota projects are prepared by qualified design units or engineering consulting companies. Attached is a preliminary feasibility study report
Detailed feasibility study
Before project decision-making, conduct detailed, systematic, and comprehensive investigation, research, and analysis of the relevant technical, economic, legal, and social environments, and demonstrate, compare, predict, and evaluate the economic and social benefits and feasibility studies of each pair of plans. Reports are the basis for decision-making
Propose project construction plan, benefit analysis and final plan selection, determine the final feasibility of project investment and selection basis standards, 10%, time 4-6 months,
in accordance with
National long-term planning, approval from project authorities, agreement of intent on project proposals, information planning standards, market research and analysis reports, technical product tools and information, and legal regulations
in principle
Principles of scientificity, objectivity (seeking truth from facts), and fairness (researchers consider the interests of all stakeholders from a fair standpoint)
method
Financial Evaluation
static evaluation method
Does not consider the time value of investment
Investment rate of return, static investment payback period (the time it takes to recover the investment)
dynamic evaluation method
Consider the time value of your investment
Net present value (total income - total expenditure: considering the time value of money), internal rate of return (discount rate when the net present value is equal to 0), external rate of return, dynamic payback period, benefit/cost ratio
National Economic Assessment
Indirect benefits and indirect costs
investment estimation method
One module is 10,000, then 20 modules are estimated to be 200,000.
incremental net benefit method
The cost-effectiveness when there is a project is compared with the cost-effectiveness when there is no project, and the difference between the two is obtained, that is, the incremental cost-effectiveness.
Cost-benefit analysis
cost
Fixed costs, variable costs, mixed costs
direct cost, indirect cost
Sunk cost, opportunity cost, quality cost
income
tangible benefits
intangible benefits
Function solving method, correlation method, fuzzy mathematics method, expert judgment method (Delphi method), cost reduction method, profit increase method
content
Market demand forecast
Time series forecasting method, causal regression forecasting model, consumption level method, end-use method
Analysis of existing resources and facilities, selection and supply of accessories and inputs
Determination of information system structure and technical solutions
Schedule suggestions
Technology and equipment selection, network physical layout design
Investment cost estimation and financing
Economic evaluation and comprehensive analysis (effect evaluation)
Cooperation/collaboration approach
The project opportunity study and the preliminary feasibility study can be omitted or combined into one. The content of the preliminary project feasibility study is basically the same as the detailed project feasibility study. A project proposal is formed based on the project's preliminary feasibility study report and the project proposal is reviewed. The book determines the choice of project (project decision-making)
Project Evaluation
On the basis of the project feasibility study, a third party evaluates, analyzes and demonstrates the necessity, construction conditions, production conditions, market demand, engineering technology, and economic and social benefits of the proposed project, and then determines whether it is feasible.
Review the reliability, authenticity and objectivity of project feasibility studies to provide scientific basis for bank loan decisions or administrative department approval decisions
in accordance with
Project proposal and its approval documents, feasibility study report, application report and preliminary review opinions of the competent authority, agreement documents on resources, accessories, fuel, water and electricity, etc., and other documents and information
program
Establish an evaluation team, divide work, and formulate an evaluation work plan
Conduct research and collect data for review and analysis
Analysis and evaluation
Write an evaluation report
Discuss revised report
Expert demonstration meeting
Evaluation report finalized
content
Project and enterprise profile assessment, project construction necessity assessment, project construction scale assessment, resource, accessory, fuel, utility condition assessment, network physical layout plan assessment, technology and equipment plan assessment, and project risk assessment
Information security assessment, installation engineering standard assessment, implementation progress assessment, project organization, personnel training plan assessment, investment estimation and fund raising assessment, project financial benefit assessment, national economic benefit assessment, social benefit assessment
in principle
It complies with the national economic and social development plans and economic policies, especially the National Development and Reform Commission, meets the technical functional requirements and is feasible, has consistent benefit and cost calculation calibers, uses national indicators based on dynamic analysis, is accurate in basic data, and meets the approval of project proposals. and the requirements of the design brief. The focus is on economic evaluation combining engineering technology, environment, political and social factors to ensure scientificity, fairness and reliability.
method
Project evaluation method (the cost-effectiveness of the local evaluation method is limited to this project), enterprise evaluation method (the global evaluation method is suitable for complex production systems)
Total evaluation method (total fixed assets), incremental evaluation method (how much benefits can be increased with this project compared with without this project, and before and after)
Cost-benefit analysis method (comparison of social expenses and social benefits), cost-utility analysis method (how much is the utility per unit cost, compare multiple options to see which one creates the greatest utility for 1 yuan)
Multi-objective system analysis method (considered from an overall perspective)
Evaluation Report
Project Overview
Project basic situation
Comprehensive assessment conclusion
Detailed evaluation opinions
Summary and recommendations
Major existing and remaining issues
Potential risks
further suggestions
Project begining
Project initiation is the first task of project management, including selecting a new project and confirming the formal launch of the project. The launch can be approved by people outside the project for each stage. The launch is completed by the sponsor, management, and PMO. The project It is best for management to participate. The result of the launch is the release of the project charter.
Identify project needs
Obtain the customer demand proposal, submit the demand analysis specification, and the customer confirms and forms a consensus.
Determination of solution
The solution is similar to a project proposal submitted to the client
Technical solution part
Provide solutions with minimum risk and maximum benefit
Management section
Ability to complete projects
Project cost part
Realistic
Conduct feasibility analysis on projects
Provide judgment to decision makers
Project approval
Investor confirmation project process
Determination of project charter
An end sign for project launch
Project establishment management by the project builder
Preparation, application and approval of project proposals
Project feasibility study (preliminary, detailed, demonstration, evaluation)
Project bidding (tendering, bidding, bid evaluation, selection of project contractors)
Contractor’s project management
Project identification
Look for project opportunities from policy guidance, look for project opportunities from market demand, and look for project opportunities from technological development.
Project demonstration
Technical feasibility analysis of the contractor, feasibility analysis of human and other resource allocation capabilities, financial feasibility analysis, risk analysis, and relevant situation analysis of other bidders
tender
Collect bidding information, fill in qualification review documents, purchase bidding documents, ask questions and attend Q&A meetings, prepare bidding documents, submit bidding documents, attend bid opening meetings, explain bidding documents, and respond to questions
Tendering and Bidding Law
Tender
Openness, fairness, impartiality, honesty and credibility
Bidding agency (helps Party A to handle the bidding work, the agency meets the requirements of personnel, office space, etc., and can only be designated by Party A)
Open bidding (anyone who sees the bidding information can participate), invitational bidding (only those who have received invitations can participate, and projects involving state secrets must be approved by the competent department)
Bidding documents (technical requirements for bidding projects, criteria for bidder qualification review, bid quotation requirements, bid evaluation criteria, main terms of the contract) are written by the tenderer and sold to the bidders.
tender
If there are more than 3 bidders and there are less than 3 bidders, the bid will be re-invited.
joint bidding problem
Two or more legal persons bid together as one bidder, but each legal person must have corresponding capabilities and qualifications
The qualification of a consortium formed by units in the same major shall be the lowest.
The consortium signs a joint agreement
Winning the bid requires signing a contract with each legal person
Bidding documents (response to the requirements put forward in the bidding documents, own qualification certificates, responses to quotations, and outsourcing of non-critical modules are clearly written)
Tender documents must be delivered to the designated location before the deadline specified in the bidding documents. After receiving it, the tenderer shall sign for it and keep it and shall not open it. After the time has passed, it shall reject it. It may be supplemented, modified or withdrawn before the deadline, and the tenderer shall be notified in writing.
Bid opening
The tenderer presides over and checks the sealing of the bidding documents, and all bidders participate
bid evaluation
An odd number of more than 5 people, more than 2/3 technical and economic experts (more than 8 years in the industry, senior professional titles and equivalent professional level personnel), the list of experts of the bid evaluation committee is confidential, and there are no stakeholders
Based on objective facts, strictly control discretion, scores should be clearly distinguishable, implement national regulations, reflect national policies, score standards are easy to review, and details can be compared horizontally
Winning the bid
Conditions for winning the bid
The lowest bid price that meets the requirements of the bidding documents to the greatest extent, or meets the substantive requirements of the bidding documents and has been reviewed
The price cannot be lower than the cost price
Negotiation issues
Let’s talk about technology first and then business
Sign the contract within 30 days
The tenderer shall also notify other bidders starting from the issuance of the bid winning notice.
subcontracting issues
The winning bidder cannot transfer, but can subcontract non-subject and non-critical work with consent. The third party must also be qualified and cannot subcontract.
The main liability is the winning bidder, and the third party has continuous liability.
The time from the issuance of the bidding documents to the deadline for submission of the bidding documents shall not be less than 20 days. When the bidding documents are modified after the bidding documents are issued, all bidders must be notified in writing, and the time from the notification time to the deadline for submission must be greater than 15 days.
Government Procurement Law
Procurement form
public bidding
invitation to bid
Special characteristics that can only be purchased from a limited range of suppliers
The cost of using public bidding accounts for a large proportion of the total value of government procurement projects.
competitive negotiation
After the bidding, no supplier bids or there is no qualified bid or the re-bidding fails to be established.
Technically complex or special in nature, detailed specifications or specific requirements cannot be determined
The time required for bidding cannot meet the urgent needs of users, and the total price cannot be calculated in advance.
single source purchasing
If you can only purchase from the only supplier, if you cannot purchase from other suppliers due to unforeseen emergencies, if you must ensure the consistency of the original procurement items or the supporting services, you need to continue to purchase from the original supplier, and The total purchase capital shall not exceed 10% of the original contract purchase amount
Inquiry
Government procurement projects where the specifications and standards of the purchased goods are unified, the spot supply is sufficient, and the price changes are small
Other procurement methods recognized by the government procurement supervision and management department of the State Council
Canceled bid
Three suppliers failed to win
Any illegal or irregular behavior that affects the fairness of procurement
The quotations exceed the procurement budget and the purchaser cannot pay
The procurement task is canceled due to major changes
After the bid is cancelled, all bidders will be notified
competitive negotiation
Establish a negotiation team, formulate negotiation documents, determine the list of suppliers invited to participate in negotiations, negotiate, and determine the suppliers for the transaction
Inquiry
Establish an inquiry team, determine the list of suppliers to be inquired, make an inquiry, and confirm the suppliers for the transaction
question
If the supplier believes that its rights and interests have been harmed by the procurement documents, procurement process, bid winning, and transaction results, it may challenge the purchaser in writing within 7 working days from the date it knows or should know that its rights and interests have been harmed.