MindMap Gallery General Psychology Chapter 5
Mind map of Chapter 5 of the fifth edition of General Psychology, which mainly includes consciousness, state of consciousness, attention, Neural mechanisms, etc. Friends who like it can give it a like!
Edited at 2024-03-30 16:26:46One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Universal Heart Chapter 5: Awareness and Attention
consciousness
basic concept
A perception and: the observer is aware of the existence of a phenomenon or thing
An advanced psychological function: consciousness plays a role in integrating, managing and regulating the individual's physical and mental systems.
a mental state
unconscious
unconscious behavior
Automated behavior Special example: breathing
unconsciousness of stimuli
Sometimes things that people don't realize have an impact on them actually have an impact
blindsight
caused by brain damage
limitations and agency
Conscious experience has certain limitations, which are not limited to external stimuli and originate from cognitive processing.
Biorhythmic periodicity and states of consciousness
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Plays a key role in cyclical changes in physiology and psychology
Promote or inhibit pineal gland secretion of melatonin
state of consciousness
sleep and dreams
sleep
sleep stages
NREM
REM
sleep function
Insomnia
Difficulty falling asleep
Easy to wake up
wake up early
dream theory
psychodynamic theory
Emphasis on internal conflicts and the power of the subconscious mind
Dreams represent the fulfillment of wishes and the expression of subconscious desires
Dreams disguise themselves as symbols to express subconscious desires and conflicts.
activation synthesis hypothesis
During Rem, some low-level centers in the brain are randomly activated, and the information sent by the brain cells is blocked. It cannot reach the body, but the cells continue to notify information to higher-level brain areas. The brain creates dreams to interpret information
Cognitive neurotheory of dreaming
A true reflection of daily events, the brain areas that are awake during the day remain active during sleep
dream study
Instrument: Night Cap
Hobson: Strange Dreams
Dream Transformation Phenomenon
Hypnosis
a state of consciousness that responds easily to suggestion
Characteristics of people who are easily hypnotized
Frequently have vivid daydreams
Rich imagination
Easily immersed in the scene in front of you or in your imagination
Strongly dependent, often seeking advice from others
Believe in hypnosis
explanation of hypnosis
social cognitive perspective
The hypnotized person just plays a special social role
separation of consciousness functions
Human consciousness has two functions: execution and supervision. Hypnosis disconnects these two functions and enters a Special artistic status, with executive function and no supervisory function
Daydream
When the energy is not concentrated and the mind wanders
Notice
basic concept
The pointing and concentration of mental activity or consciousness on a certain object
Features
Directivity
centralization
attention and awareness
Attention is more active and easier to control, and consciousness is clearer. The two are inseparable.
external manifestations of attention
Attention can be expressed through people's external behaviors, but there is not always a one-to-one correspondence.
Attention function
Ensure people have a clearer understanding of things, respond more accurately, and conduct more controllable and orderly behaviors
Types of attention
Category one
selective attention
When an individual is presented with two or more stimuli at the same time, he or she chooses one to pay attention to and ignores the other stimuli.
Experimental paradigm: negative priming, visual search, attentional blink, dichotic listening, return inhibition
sustained attention
Staying focused on a certain object or activity within a certain period of time is also an important indicator of the stability of attention and the quality of attention.
Experiment: Alert Operations
Pay attention to wavering
local adaptation of sensorimotor
Rhythmic activity
distributed attention
Paying attention to two or more stimuli at the same time, dividing attention among different activities
Experiment: Dual Job Operation
Influencing factors
skill level
Nature of activity
Category 2
pay no attention to
meaning
There is no prior purpose and no effort of will is required to maintain it.
Influencing factors
Characteristics of the stimulus itself
person's own state
random attention
meaning
Attention that has a preset purpose and requires a certain amount of willpower to maintain
Influencing factors
Dependence on the purpose of attention
Dependence on interest
Dependence on event organization
Dependence on past experience
Dependence on personality
Attention after random
meaning
attention that has a predetermined purpose and does not require effort of will to be accomplished
neural mechanism
cognitive theory of attention
Note the selection function
filter theory
Presented by: Broadbent
Experiment: binaural listening experiment
Content: When information enters the nervous system through various sensory channels, It must first go through a filtering mechanism. Only part of the information can be accepted through this mechanism for further processing.
decay theory
Presented by: Treisman
Experiment: binaural listening experiment
Content: When information passes through a filtering device, Unnoticed information simply diminishes in intensity rather than disappearing completely
late selection theory
It is believed that all input information has been fully analyzed before entering the filtering device, Therefore, the selection of information occurs in the response stage of later processing.
multi-stage choice theory
Presented by: Johnston
Content: It is believed that the selection process may occur at different processing stages
cognitive resource allocation theory
cognitive resource theory
Presented by: Kahneman
content
Cognitive resources are limited
When cognitive resources are fully occupied, new stimuli cannot be processed
The more complex the task, the more resources it takes up
Within the cognitive system, there is a mechanism responsible for allocation, which is under our control. Allocate cognitive resources to important stimuli
dual process theory
Presented by: Shevlin
content
There are two types of human cognitive processing
Automated processing
Not limited by cognition or resources, does not require attention and can be carried out automatically
controlled by consciousness
Due to resource constraints, attention is required to participate. After practice, it can be converted into automatic processing.
Physiological mechanism
towards reflection
A complex and special reflex caused by novel stimuli, which is the most basic physiological mechanism of attention.
brainstem reticular formation
Maintain the general living standards of the brain and ensure that the brain effectively processes specific signals
Limbic system and cerebral cortex functions
anterior cingulate gyrus