MindMap Gallery Pathophysiology - pathogenesis of diabetes
This is a mind map about the pathogenesis of diabetes. The pathogenesis of diabetes is a complex process involving many factors.
Edited at 2023-12-17 14:56:07One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Have a meal
Blood sugar↑↑
acute complications
Eye
Blood sugar rises too fast, and the osmotic pressure of the aqueous humor and lens changes, resulting in refractive changes.
Blurred vision
Metabolic disorders
Itchy skin (especially vulva)
Exchange energy for energy supply, mobilize the decomposition of fat to replace blood sugar
Weight loss (fatigue) [insufficient storage]
Fat cannot be used directly, it must be converted into blood lipids for use
Blood lipids↑↑
Vascular disease
Large arteries: atherosclerotic lesions
Arterioles: retinal and renal vasculopathy
The origin of chronic complications of diabetes
Must be converted into ketones to function
Acetoacetate
beta-hydroxybutyric acid
acetone
Acidosis: DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Kidney (to be excreted through the kidneys)
When glucose reabsorption reaches its limit, it will increase osmotic pressure in urine and act as an osmotic diuretic like mannitol.
polyuria
water loss
Thirst, polydipsia
Increased burden on kidneys
diabetic nephropathy
Blood sugar is too high↑↑↑, excessive urination, lack of water
hyperosmolar coma
Type II diabetes
Insulin utilization defects, low tissue acceptance of insulin, and resistance to insulin are not a problem with the insulin itself, but are manifested as a decrease in insulin function. Then due to tolerance, more and more insulin must be secreted to satisfy the body, pancreatic beta cells We have to work twice as hard to secrete more insulin, but it has a limit. If it is not enough, there is nothing we can do about it. It is not that there is no insulin, but just a little bit is missing, resulting in a relative lack of insulin. However, pancreatic islet cells will be exhausted if they are in a long-term high-load working state. Over time, pancreatic islet β-cells change from a healthy state to a declining state. The function of pancreatic islet β-cells continues to decline, from a relative lack of insulin to an absolute deficiency. (Finally, insulin replacement therapy is required)
type 1 diabetes
Absolute deficiency of insulin, no more insulin
insulin
pancreatic beta cells
Reduce blood sugar↓↓
Direct Utilization: Immediately converts it into energy ATP and supplies it to tissue cells for metabolic activities.
Short-term storage: If it is not used temporarily and blood sugar is high, it will be converted into liver glycogen and muscle glycogen to provide energy when blood sugar drops but no food is taken in. Muscle glycogen provides energy to muscles.
Convert to fat: When there is a large amount of excess glucose that is not used, a large part of it will be converted into fat. Therefore, losing weight means reducing sugar intake. This is how a sugar-free diet comes about. So fat is also formed directly.
Inhibits glycogen conversion: Inhibits hepatic glucose production
It is difficult to lower blood sugar, poor utilization of blood sugar, insufficient energy ATP cannot be produced, and glycogen, fat and even protein have not accumulated.