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An Introduction to Modern Chinese 1.1 Phonetics
Compilation of class notes for freshmen of Chinese language and literature (by rhyme). Speech is the material shell of language, the external form of language, and the symbol system that most directly records people's thinking activities.
Edited at 2023-12-08 14:20:36- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
An Introduction to Modern Chinese 1.1 Phonetics
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
Overview of phonetics
nature of speech (Only sounds with word meaning)
Physical properties (vibration generation)
Pitch (how fast or slow the sounding body vibrates)
Sound intensity (vibration amplitude of the sounding body)
Sound length (how long the sound body vibrates)
Timbre (characteristics of sound, different tortuous forms of sound waves)
Different pronunciation styles (huqin and harmonica)
Different pronunciation methods (stop g and fricative h)
Resonator shapes are different (vowel a and vowel i)
Physiological properties
Respiratory organs (air flow is the driving force of speech)
The larynx and vocal cords (also called the throat (the glottis is located on the two vocal cords)
Pharyngeal cavity, nasal cavity and oral cavity (act as resonators to amplify sound)
social attributes
Language is a social phenomenon, and as the material shell of language, speech is also a social phenomenon
The same meaning expressed in different pronunciations
The same phonetic form can be used to express different meanings
In terms of the systematic nature of speech, different languages or dialects have different speech systems. From the perspective of physical and physiological attributes, they are different sounds.
phonetic unit
Phonemes - consonants, vowels (Phonemes are the smallest units of speech and are divided from the perspective of timbre) (Dad——b, a)
Vowels and consonants
Consonants: caused by obstruction of airflow through the mouth or pharynx, also called consonants (b, m, f, d, k, zh, s)
Vowels: The sounds produced by the vibration of the vocal cords due to airflow. The phonemes formed by passing through the mouth and pharynx without obstruction are also called vowels (a, o, e, i, u).
The difference between vowels and consonants
from being blocked or not
When pronouncing consonants, the airflow through the pharynx and mouth is blocked by a certain part.
When pronouncing vowels, the airflow passes through the pharynx and mouth without obstruction.
From the perspective of tension
When pronouncing consonants, the area where the articulator is obstructed is particularly tense.
When pronouncing vowels, all parts of the vocal organs maintain a balanced state of tension
Judging from the strength of the air flow
When pronouncing consonants, the airflow is stronger
When pronouncing vowels, the airflow is weak
From the perspective of loudness
When pronouncing consonants, the vocal cords do not necessarily vibrate
When vowels are pronounced, the vocal cords vibrate and the sound is louder than the consonants.
syllable
A syllable is a language segment composed of phonemes, and it is the smallest unit of speech that is naturally felt when listening (several syllables are needed every time you are nervous)
Nervous once: xian fresh
Nervous twice: xi an Xi'an
Initials, finals, tones
The sound of a character is divided into two parts: initial consonant and final rhyme, and the pitch form that runs through the entire phonetic structure is called tone.
Initial consonant, located in the front part of a syllable, mainly composed of consonants
The consonant h of good (hao) is its consonant initial consonant
Love (ai) has no consonants at the beginning, the part before the vowel is zero, zero initial consonants, and zero initial consonant syllables.
Note: Although initial consonants are used as consonants, some consonants are not used as initial consonants but only as final consonants.
Final: located at the end of a syllable, consisting of a vowel or a vowel plus a consonant
Hai (hai) - ai is the final rhyme
OU (ou)——ou is the final rhyme
Note: Vowels cannot be used as initial consonants, and vowels can only be used as finals or components of finals.
Tone: a pitch form that has a distinctive role in the phonological structure
Bottom, first lower and then higher
phoneme
Because it is divided according to the social attributes of speech (definition function), it is the smallest speech unit in a speech system that can distinguish meanings.
phonetic symbols