MindMap Gallery Medical Cell Biology-Cell Membrane Mind Map
Part of freshman medical cell biology, including chemical composition, structural model, Physical and chemical properties, etc. Friends in need hurry up and collect it!
Edited at 2023-12-07 23:02:59One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
cell membrane
chemical components
membrane lipids
Phospholipids
Glycerophospholipid
Phosphatidyl base fatty acid chain
Classification
Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin/PC)
Phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin/PE)
Phosphatidylserine (PS)
Phosphatidylinositol (PI)
Sphingomyelin
Fatty acid chain Sphingosine Amide bond - ceramide, linked to choline via phosphate group
Artificial liposomes: carriers for drugs and biological macromolecules
cholesterol
Not found in most plant cell and bacterial cell membranes
Location: dispersed among phospholipid molecules
three parts
Head: hydroxyl group, only the head of phospholipid molecules
polarity
Steroid ring structure
tail
non-polar
Function
Interference with the movement of fatty acid tails of phospholipids
Regulate the fluidity of the plasma membrane and enhance the stability of the plasma membrane
Glycolipids
The simplest structure
galactocerebroside
Glucocerebroside
Major glycolipid in nerve myelin sheath
most complex
Gangliosides: In addition to the basic structure, there are also N-acetylgalactosamine and one/more negatively charged sialic acids
Neuronal plasma membrane is most abundant
Membrane proteins (intra-membrane transport proteins)
integrin
structure
Hydrophobic part: spans the lipid bilayer
Hydrophilic part: exposed on both sides of the cell membrane
type
Single transmembrane: glycophorin on the surface of red blood cells, transferrin receptor
Multiple transmembranes
Formation of multiple alpha helices construct: band 3 protein in red blood cell membranes
(Few) β-sheets are conceived to form a cylindrical structure
Peripheral protein (extrinsic protein)
combine
Object: Hydrophilic head of lipid molecule/hydrophilic end of integrin
Weak binding force and loose binding to the plasma membrane
Extraction: Increase ion concentration/add chelating agent →separate from the plasma membrane without damaging the integrity of the membrane
type
Located on the inner surface of the plasma membrane, it is an important component of the membrane skeleton and cell cortex.
Functions as an enzyme/factor that transmits extracellular signals
The outer surface of the plasma membrane: the main component of the extracellular matrix
Lipid-anchored protein (strong)
Binds to lipid molecules through covalent bonds and is located on both sides of the lipid bilayer
Combination method
directly bound to lipids
Binds indirectly to the lipid bilayer through sugar molecules
Classification
Located on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane
Src, Ras protein
Located on the outer surface of the plasma membrane
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein
Strong lateral movement ability→faster combination with other extracellular signaling molecules
Membrane sugar (not found alone)
way of existence
(Multiple) 1/Multiple oligosaccharide chains covalently bind to membrane proteins → glycoproteins
(less) 1 oligosaccharide chain combined with membrane lipid → glycolipid
Found in the cytoplasmic membrane (7 species): galactose, mannose, galactosamine, fucose, glucose, glucosamine, sialic acid
Function: Diversity→Molecular basis of cell recognition/adhesion/immunity
structural model
Unit membrane model: dark-light-dark (pro-lipid-pro)
flow tessellation model
Emphasize the fluidity of the membrane and the asymmetry of membrane component distribution
Ignore the impact of uneven fluidity in various parts of the membrane and other factors (pro) on the fluidity of lipid molecules
lattice tessellation model
Membrane proteins restrict the movement of membrane lipid molecules→interfacial lipids→the fluidity of lipids is localized
lipid raft model
Lipid raft microdomains have poor fluidity → flow as a structural unit in the lipid bilayer as a whole
Physical and chemical properties
fluidity
Membrane material transport, guarantee of information transmission
Movement of membrane lipids
Phase transition: crystalline state (above phase transition temperature) → liquid crystal state
Movement style
Lateral diffusion (main)
quick
rotational diffusion
curved diffusion
Small bend near the head
Flip diffusion (less)
flippase required
It is important to maintain membrane asymmetry
Movement of membrane proteins (slow)
Lateral diffusion of membrane proteins in membrane lipid second fluids
Speed Detection: Fluorescent Bleaching Recovery Method
membrane protein rotational motion
Speed: Lateral spread>Rotation
Influencing factors (continued)