MindMap Gallery Anatomy—Chapter 9—Nervous System (2)
This is a mind map about anatomy - Chapter 9 - Nervous System (2), the brain and cranial nerves, with a detailed introduction and comprehensive description. I hope it will be helpful to those who are interested!
Edited at 2023-12-06 14:01:33One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
nervous system
brain and cranial nerves
brain
brainstem
cerebellum
Location: Located in the posterior cranial fossa, below the occipital lobe of the cerebral hemisphere, behind the pons and medulla oblongata; the special structure of the cerebellar tonsils is close to the foramen magnum
structure
Ye Ming
occur
Contact name
structure
connect
Function
pompon leaf
ancient cerebellum
vestibule cerebellum
nodule, pompon foot, pompon ball, top core
vestibular nerve, vestibular nucleus
Maintain body balance
anterior lobe
old cerebellum
spinocerebellar
protofidus and anterior cortex, intermediate nucleus
posterior spinocerebellar tract
Regulate muscle tone
posterior lobe
new cerebellum
brain cerebellum
protofidus and later cortex, toothed comb
corticopontine nuclei, cerebellar tracts
Coordinate voluntary movements
Cerebellar nuclei: A mass of gray matter in the cerebellar medulla. From outside to inside, they are the dentate nucleus, embolus nucleus, globular nucleus, and fastigial nucleus.
Clinical significance: Typical manifestations of cerebellar injury—ataxia, nystagmus, intention tremor
diencephalon
Dorsal thalamus (thalamus)
There is a "Y" shaped inner medullary plate inside
Anterior thalamic nucleus group: related to visceral activity
Medial thalamic nuclei: integration center for visceral sensory impulses in conjunction with somatic nuclei
lateral thalamic nuclei group
Dorsal nucleus group: dorsal external nucleus, posterior external nucleus, pulvinar
ventral side group
ventral anterior nucleus
ventrolateral nucleus
ventral posterior nucleus
ventromedial nucleus: receives fibers from the trigeminal lemniscus
ventrolateral nucleus
Receives spinal lemniscus, that is, limbs, trunk, pain, temperature, touch and pressure sensation
Receptive to the medial lemniscus, the native sensory finesse of the trunk and extremities
posterior thalamus
Medial geniculate body: receives auditory fibers and sends them to the auditory center of the temporal lobe
Lateral geniculate body: receives optic tract fibers and sends them to the visual center of the occipital lobe
Hypothalamus: temperature regulation, food intake regulation
telencephalon
shape
The uneven surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres are grooves, and the ridges between grooves are gyri.
Lobes: frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, insular lobe (deep part of lateral sulcus)
ditch and back
outside
Precentral gyrus (with precentral sulcus on both sides)
Superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus
Superior temporal gyrus-superior temporal sulcus-middle temporal gyrus-inferior temporal sulcus-inferior temporal gyrus
inside
Precentral and postcentral gyri, paracentral lobule
Functional positioning
Characteristics of gyrus control of somatic motor areas and sensory areas
Crossed left and right innervation: the left side of the brain controls the right side, and the right side of the brain controls the left side.
Up-down control: The upper gyri controls the lower ones. But the head is upright
Characteristics of the allocation area—allocated according to the degree of granularity and sensitivity of the function
Visual center: the cortex located above and below the calcarine sulcus on the medial surface of the occipital lobe
Auditory center: in the transverse temporal gyrus of the temporal lobe
Language center: four language centers: speaking, listening, reading and writing, and reading
Motor speech center—posterior inferior frontal gyrus
Writing center—posterior middle frontal gyrus
Visual language center—angular gyrus of parietal lobe
Auditory speech center—posterior superior temporal gyrus
Basal ganglia: caudate nucleus, lentiform nucleus, amygdala
cerebral medulla
Communication fibers, commissure fibers, projection fibers (mostly passing through the internal capsule)
internal capsule
Location: It is a white matter area composed of dense ascending and descending fibers between the caudate nucleus, dorsal thalamus and lentiform nucleus.
Clinical significance: When the damage to the internal capsule on one side is extensive, the patient will develop contralateral hemikinesia, loss of sensation in the contralateral hemisphere, homonymous hemianopia in the contralateral visual field of both eyes, and skewed tongue and mouth.