MindMap Gallery British Empire 3000 Years Reading Notes
Taking chronology as the axis, from the aspects of war, regime change, economic and cultural development, etc., it introduces how Britain gradually grew from a small island country and gradually became the British Empire that has "held power in the world" for hundreds of years. How it gradually declined.
Edited at 2023-12-04 15:15:40Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
"3000 Years of the British Empire"
History before 1400 AD ——The basic elements of the British state have been established
90,000 years ago, this area of Britain was already inhabited by primitive people
In 6500 B.C., the land bridge between Britain and mainland Europe broke, forming the English Channel
In 4200 BC, agricultural crops appeared in Britain
In 2300 BC, bronze wares appeared in Britain
1500-1100 BC
The small gold bracelet represents that the primitive tribes at this time had begun to have art and culture.
There is the very famous Stonehenge
In 700 BC, iron tools appeared in Britain
Through conquests AD 43-83
The Romans occupied England, Wales and southern Scotland This area was called Roman Britain
This brought about wider prosperity and cultural grafting, along with the introduction of wine drinking.
In the 4th century AD, the Western Roman Empire encountered barbarian invasions
Around AD 500, the Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain The large decrease in coins indicates that commercial trade is declining.
Anglos: mainly from Denmark
Saxons: mainly from Germany
King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, Enemies of Resistance the Anglo-Saxons
From 406-410, Roman rule ended. Becoming self-sufficient is violent.
Christianity is in decline
Focus on agriculture, almost no trade
After 590 AD, the Anglo-Saxons gradually became Christianized
The introduction of gold, trading with gold, mainly exporting wool
London became an important port and center of trade
The islands are divided into: Kingdom of Kent, Kingdom of East Anglia, etc.
The capital of the Kingdom of Kent: Canterbury, the religious center of England The highest bishop in England is the Archbishop of Canterbury
Gradually identifying with Englishness also began to be used as a form of identity.
Around 800 AD, the Vikings were fighting across Britain
In 879 AD, Alfred defeated the Vikings from Denmark
946-955 AD, Edred became the first King of England
In 1016, the Danes came back and regained their rule. This period was called Anglo-Danish national rule.
In 1042, the Wessex family was restored. the king was called edward the confessor
In 1066, Duke William of Normandy landed in Benish, England. This was known as the "Norman Conquest" in history, mainly from France.
1066-1200
During the Norman Conquest, the local people resisted a lot and built a large number of castles.
Britain realized feudalism, produced princes and lords, and had professional administration and courtiers.
In 1154, Henry II ascended the throne and became the first king of the Plantagenet dynasty.
On June 15, 1215, Magna Carta was signed
Magna Carta places royal power within a legal framework
Magna Carta is the first written constitution in British history.
In 1297, William Wallace, a Scottish knight, was one of the important leaders in the Scottish War of Independence.
In 1306, Robert Bruce, known as Robert I in history, was one of the most important kings in Scottish history. He once led the Kingdom of Scotland to repel the invasion of the Kingdom of England and achieved national independence in 1320.
From 1348 to 1351, the Black Death was epidemic in Europe, killing one-third of the population in Britain.
In 1381, the "Great Uprising" was carried out. (At this time, China was at its peak during the Ming Dynasty)
The Rise of an Empire: 1400-1750
France wins the Hundred Years War between England and France
In 1422, Henry V died of dysentery, and his son Henry VI ascended the throne at the age of 1 (less than)
King Charles VII of France and French hero Joan of Arc fought on behalf of France
French cannon defeated British longbow
From 1455 to 1485, after the Hundred Years' War, the War of the Roses broke out in England
The royal family is the Lancaster family, and there is also a York family, whose coat of arms happens to be a red rose and a white rose. A war broke out between these two royal families and lasted for 30 years.
The climax was the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, which ended with Yorkist Richard III dying in battle and being replaced on the throne by Tudor Henry VII.
The Tudor claim to the throne through their connections with the Lancastrians was far-fetched, but Henry VII benefited from the unpopularity of Richard III, who had been abandoned by many nobles at the time.
The marriage between the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth of York, that is, by marrying Edward IV's daughter, Elizabeth of York, Henry VII laid a solid foundation for the legitimacy of the Tudor dynasty. In this way his Lancastrian lineage was closely linked to that of York.
In 1485, Henry VII founded the Tudor dynasty
The religious reform occurred under Henry VIII and broke with the pope. Henry VIII was outraged when the pope refused to grant him a divorce from his first wife, his brother's wife, Catherine of Aragon. Publicly rejected the papal jurisdiction and declared the independence of England's judicial power.
In 1533, Henry VIII secretly married Anne Boleyn. In the same year, she gave birth to Elizabeth I, who later succeeded the throne. Princess Mary was demoted to illegitimacy.
In 1540, he married Catherine Howard and executed Cromwell on the same day.
Henry VIII's only son, Edward VI, enters the stage of history. Further promoted the popularity of Protestantism in Britain.
After Queen Mary came to power, she carried out a Catholic revival and burned the Protestants
Mary was known as "Bloody Mary." During her reign, nearly 300 Protestants were burned at the stake.
During the reign of Elizabeth I, the British Navy defeated the Spanish Armada
1558-1603, during the reign of Elizabeth I. The most important person who built Britain into an empire on which the sun never sets. "On Grand Strategy" specifically analyzes Elizabeth I: smart, calm, rational, humorous, and never married. The throne passed to James VI and I, son of Mary, Queen of Scots. Its name unites the thrones of Scotland and England, so Scotland and England will no longer be at war.
In 1588, the Spanish Armada launched an attack on England on behalf of Catholicism. In this attack, Britain won a great victory and established Britain's position in the world. The most important literary figure of this period was William Shakespeare.
During the time of Charles I, a civil war broke out in England. In the end, the parliamentary army killed the king and Cromwell became the protector of the country.
Charles I was ignorant and ignorant. He destroyed the harmonious relationship between Scotland and England and offended a large number of nobles and Parliament.
In 1646, Cromwell led the parliamentary army to defeat Charles I In 1649, Charles I was executed. In 1653, Cromwell seized power and became Lord Protector. In 1657, hereditary status was established in a ceremony that included most of the procedures of the previous English monarchy.
In November 1688, William invaded England and the Glorious Revolution broke out
It was the last successful invasion of England and the last coup in which a monarch was replaced. In 1689, William announced that the throne was vacant due to James's departure and abdication. The crisis he caused was resolved. William and Mary were declared co-monarchs. Only when both died, the throne would return to Mary's sister Anne. The Glorious Revolution led to the creation of Jacob's Down, named after the Latin for James. The significance of the "Glorious Revolution" is comparable to a totem, and it is an important origin of the difference between Britain and the European continent. In 1689, the Toleration Act brought religious tolerance. In 1694, the Triennial Act established regular elections. In 1695, the Licensing Act abolished pre-publication censorship. and a Britain of progressive intellectuals, especially John Locke and Isaac Newton. In 1701, Queen Anne died without an heir under the Act of Succession to the Throne. Her throne was succeeded by George, Elector of Hanover, who was a descendant of James I and the grandson of James I's daughter Elizabeth. The "Glorious Revolution" was not a coup, but the promulgation of a series of laws. Parliament passed rules that helped facilitate the growth of overseas trade, the expansion of transoceanic power, and the administration of new territories.
The Peak of the Empire: 1750-1900
From 1769 to 1782, steam engines continued to improve, and Britain began to embark on the road to industrialization.
In 1759, the number of British patents increased significantly. The nobles are most enthusiastic about crop transformation. Whoever can introduce crops to the country is a hero. In 1840, the Penny Black stamp was issued, the first stamp in human history. Proving that the postal service was becoming even more important at the time. Marriage began to become common, and Dickens's Hard Times was written about this period. There was massive immigration. In 1776, the United States issued the Declaration of Independence. Adam Smith published The Wealth of Nations in 1776 In 1783, Britain lost the War of Independence. It was a very big setback in British history, leading to the birth and independence of the United States. 1793-1815, Napoleonic Wars.
In 1815, the British Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo
George IV emancipated the Catholics. William IV is known as a true patriot monarch and an important emperor who made the British parliamentary system and prime ministerial system stable.
In 1837, Queen Victoria succeeded to the throne and ushered in the Victorian era
The niece of William IV and the second queen to ascend the throne unmarried, Queen Victoria, was only 18 years old. Queen Victoria married Prince Albert, who was instrumental in promoting modernity. In 1851, Prince Albert held the Exhibition of Industry of All Nations in Hyde Park.
From 1836 to 1848, the Chartist movement promoted the birth of a series of new laws
The workers' movement started by British workers to get their due rights. This movement had a political platform - the "People's Charter", hence the name Chartism. From 1801 to 1911, London's population increased from more than 1 million to more than 7 million, becoming an international metropolis. From 1859 to 1875, London began to build a drainage system, including 82 miles of interceptor sewers. Concert halls and football clubs were established in large numbers The "Entertainment Places Law" was promulgated in 1859; the "Public Health Law" was promulgated in 1875; the "Education Law" was promulgated in 1870; the "Prison Law" was promulgated in 1877... During this period, the sense of deference gradually disappeared and was replaced by harsh attacks on the heirs of privilege. The goal of the Conservative Party changed from defending privilege to defending wealth.
The British colonies brought a lot of wealth to Britain
From 1793 to 1815, he repeatedly won victories at sea during the war against France. In 1805, a naval battle between Britain and the combined fleets of France and Spain was held at Cape Trafalgar in Spain. The British army eventually won, and it was called the Battle of Trafalgar. Britain could launch amphibious waterborne assaults on colonial centers directly controlled by non-European powers, or it could accumulate wealth at the expense of non-European peoples.
Twilight of Empire: 1900 to the Present
During the two world wars, Britain played a mainstay role
1914-1918, World War I. The government took over several important industries such as railways, coal mines, and flour, and the people implemented rationing, and the status of women began to rise. The Labor Party began to join the cabinet. In 1926, there was a general strike in Britain. 1939-1945, World War II. In September 1939, Britain and Germany declared war. The main reasons why Britain was able to win World War II are: the first is the air force; the second is technology (radar); and the third is the Commonwealth countries.
After World War II, Britain became the world's largest debtor nation
After 1945, Britain faced tremendous environmental pressure. The first serious air pollution incident occurred in London in 1952, the London poisonous smog incident. Faced with: mad cow disease, foot and mouth disease. Massive immigration of Eastern Europeans. Divorce rates began to rise significantly.
In 1973, the United Kingdom joined the EEC (European Economic Community), which later became the European Union.
The election saw Labor and the Conservatives taking turns in power. Mrs Thatcher successfully ran for office and became Prime Minister, also known as the Iron Lady. Mainly shattered the moral economy. Moral economy refers to an economic form in which market economic subjects consciously abide by ethical norms and use ethical values to guide their economic behavior. The theme of business during this period is "convenience".
In 2020, the UK officially "Brexit", ending its EU membership
The 2011 London Riots. On August 4, 2011, Mark Duggan, a black male civilian, was shot dead by a Metropolitan Police officer in Tottenham, north London. People took to the streets to protest against police brutality, triggering riots.