MindMap Gallery Chapter 8 Cost Management
Chapter 8: Mind map of cost management. The principles of cost management include: integration principle, adaptability principle, cost-benefit principle, and importance principle.
Edited at 2023-06-09 16:09:22El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
Chapter 8 Cost Management
Section 1 Overview of Cost Management
1. The significance of cost management
2. Objectives of cost management
3. Principles of cost management: principle of integration, principle of adaptability, principle of cost-benefit, principle of importance
4. Main contents of cost management: before, during and after the event
Section 2 Cost-volume-profit analysis and application
1. Basic equation of cost-volume-profit analysis:
1. Profit EBIT = sales volume × (unit price - unit variable cost) - fixed cost
Profit = Contribution Margin - Fixed Cost =Sales revenue × contribution margin rate - guaranteed sales × contribution margin rate =(Sales revenue - Breakeven sales) × Contribution margin rate
2. Profit = sales volume × unit contribution margin - fixed cost =Sales revenue×Contribution margin rate-Fixed costs
3. Profit = safety margin × unit contribution margin ˆ = safety margin × contribution margin
2. Break-even analysis (capital preservation analysis)
1. Single break-even
2. Product portfolio break-even method: Weighted average, combined unit, split method, main product method
3. Target profit analysis (poly analysis)
Target profit sales volume = (fixed cost target profit) / unit contribution margin Total target profit × (1-income tax rate)-dividend distribution = new retained earnings
4. Application of cost-volume-profit analysis in business decision-making
Product production and pricing strategies, selection of production process equipment, and selection of new product launches
5. Profit sensitivity analysis
Sensitivity coefficient = profit change percentage/factor change percentage
Absolute value > 1, sensitive
Section 3 Standard Cost Control and Analysis
1. Cost difference analysis of variable direct materials, variable direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead
Two difference analysis
1. Actual output * standard dosage * standard unit price (standard) 2. Actual output * actual usage * standard unit price 3. Actual output * actual usage * actual unit price (actual cost)
Overall difference: 3-1 Volume difference (efficiency difference): 2-1 Price difference (cost/wage rate difference): 3-2
2. Fixed manufacturing overhead cost difference analysis
Three-difference analysis
1. Actual output * standard dosage * standard unit price (standard) 2. Actual output * actual usage * standard unit price 3. Budgeted output * standard usage * standard unit price (pure standard total cost) 4. Actual output * actual usage * actual unit price (actual cost)
Three differences: Overall difference: 4-1 Poor efficiency: 2-1 Yield difference: 3-2 Cost difference: 4-3 (pure actual - pure change)
two differences Energy difference: 3-1 Cost difference: 4-3
Section 4 Activity Costs and Responsibility Costs
1. Operation cost
1. Background of activity-based costing
2. The meaning of activity-based costing
3. Related concepts
4. Application of activity-based costing
5. Advantages and disadvantages of activity-based costing
6. Activity cost management
2. Responsibility cost management
1. Responsibility center and its assessment
Cost center: Controllable costs must meet three conditions: foreseeable, measurable, adjustable and controllable ① Budgeted cost savings = actual production budgeted responsibility cost - actual responsibility cost ② Budgeted cost saving rate = Budgeted cost savings/Actual output budgeted responsibility cost × 100%
Profit Center: ①Controllable Marginal Contribution = Marginal Contribution - Controllable Fixed Costs of the person in charge of the center ②Department marginal contribution = controllable marginal contribution - uncontrollable fixed costs of the person in charge of the center
Investment Center: ①Investment rate of return = profit before interest and tax/average operating assets ②Residual income = Profit before interest and tax - (Average operating assets × Minimum investment rate of return)
2. Customization of internal transfer prices
1. Price-based internal transfer pricing
2. Cost-based internal transfer pricing: full cost, full cost plus, variable cost, variable cost plus fixed manufacturing overhead
3. Negotiable internal transfer pricing: the upper limit is the market price and the lower limit is the unit variable cost
Key concepts and formulas of cost-volume-profit 1. Break-even point sales volume =Fixed cost/(Unit price-Unit variable cost) = fixed cost/contribution margin per unit Break-even point sales = Break-even point sales volume × unit price = fixed cost/contribution margin 2. Safety margin = normal sales volume – break-even point sales volume 3. Total contribution margin = total sales revenue – total variable costs
Follow the amount to rate and quantity to order ---Rate=amount/sales revenue, volume/unit price