Left heart failure, coughing pink frothy sputum

Acute: The lung volume increases, becomes dark red, and foamy red bloody fluid oozes from the cut surface. Microscopically, the alveolar wall capillaries are dilated and congested, and the alveolar walls become thickened. This may be accompanied by edema of the alveolar septa. Some alveolar cavities are filled with edema fluid, and bleeding can be seen. *Chronic: The alveolar wall telangiectasias and congestion are more obvious, and the alveolar septa can be thickened and fibrosed. In addition to edema fluid and bleeding in the alveolar cavities, a large number of macrophages (heart failure cells) can also be seen engulfing hemosiderin particles. , in pulmonary congestion sclerosis, the texture becomes hard and brown, becoming non-brown sclerosis.

right heart failure

Chronic: Red (congestion area) and yellow (hepatic steatosis area) stripes that look like betel nut appear on the liver cut surface, which is called betel nut liver. Microscopically, the central hepatic sinusoids of the liver lobules are highly dilated with congestion and bleeding, and the liver cells atrophy. , or even disappear.

Body cavity hemorrhage, hematoma

Epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematochezia, hematuria, petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis

*Severe congestion

Loose organizational structure