MindMap Gallery blood system diseases
This is a mind map about blood system diseases, mainly including anemia, Leukemia, nursing measures, type, cause, Clinical manifestations, etc.
Edited at 2023-12-03 21:26:37El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
blood system diseases
anemia
Nursing measures
diet conditioning
Supplement foods containing vitamin B12, such as animal foods, fermented soy products, etc.
Supplement iron-containing foods, such as animal offal, lean meat, eggs, green leafy vegetables, etc.
Supplement foods containing folic acid, such as green leafy vegetables, fruits, beans, etc.
Prevent infection
Maintain personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, bathe, and change clothes
Avoid contact with sources of infection, such as influenza patients and reduce going out during epidemics of respiratory infectious diseases
medical treatement
Iron supplements: Commonly used drugs include ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, etc.
Vitamin B12: Commonly used drugs include methylcobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, etc.
Folic acid: Commonly used drugs include folic acid tablets, multi-dimensional element tablets, etc.
type
megaloblastic anemia
Lack of folic acid or vitamin B12, which affects DNA synthesis and hemoglobin production
aplastic anemia
Hematopoietic dysfunction in the bone marrow, resulting in reduced production of red blood cells
iron deficiency anemia
Insufficient iron content in the body affects hemoglobin synthesis
Cause
Hemolysis: An inherited or acquired hemolytic disorder that results in excessive destruction of red blood cells
Malnutrition: Insufficient intake of nutrients such as iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12
Chronic diseases: peptic ulcers, tumors, etc. leading to long-term blood loss
clinical manifestations
General symptoms such as fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, and difficulty breathing
Physical examination findings include pale skin and mucous membranes, increased heart rate, enlarged liver and spleen, etc.
concept
Overview: Lower than normal red blood cell count or hemoglobin concentration
1. Reduced red blood cell production
2. Excessive destruction of red blood cells
3. Excessive blood loss
leukemia
Nursing measures
pain management
Use analgesics according to the condition, such as opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, etc.
Maintain a comfortable posture and avoid strenuous activities to reduce pain and discomfort
Chemotherapy and drug treatment
Monitor drug reactions and prevent side effects such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, etc.
Observe changes in condition and promptly detect complications, such as infection, bleeding, etc.
psychological support
Provide psychological counseling, reduce patients’ psychological pressure, and improve treatment compliance
Strengthen communication with family and friends and provide social support
protective isolation
Placed in a single ward to reduce visits and reduce the risk of infection
Keep the room clean and disinfect regularly to reduce exposure to pathogenic microorganisms
type
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Originating from lymphocytes, the disease progresses slowly and the treatment effect is relatively good
chronic myeloid leukemia
Originates from myeloid cells, the disease progresses slowly, and the treatment effect is relatively good
acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Originating from lymphocytes, the disease progresses rapidly and is difficult to treat
acute myeloid leukemia
Originating from myeloid cells, the disease progresses rapidly and is difficult to treat.
Cause
Chemical exposure: Exposure to certain chemicals, such as benzene and formaldehyde, may increase the risk of leukemia
Viral infections: Viral infections such as HTLV-1 and HPV may cause leukemia
Gene mutation: Accumulation of multiple gene mutations leads to leukemia
clinical manifestations
Bleeding
Symptoms include skin petechiae, ecchymosis, gum bleeding, nose bleeding, etc.
bone pain
Manifested as bone pain, joint pain, back pain, etc.
Infect
Symptoms include fever, cough, pneumonia and other symptoms
anemia
Symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, etc.
Overview
Malignant clonal disease of hematopoietic stem cells, causing abnormal proliferation of leukemia cells and infiltration into tissues and organs