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Pathology-Local blood circulation disorder mind map
An article about pathology - a mind map of local blood circulation disorders, including bleeding, thrombosis, embolism, infarction, etc. Friends in need hurry up and collect it!
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Pathology-Local blood circulation disorder mind map
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- Outline
local blood circulation disorder
blood circulation
Systemic
heart failure, shock
locality
Shown as
Abnormal blood volume in local tissues and organs, including congestion and ischemia
Abnormal substances and blood clots appear in the blood
Abnormalities in blood vessel wall permeability or integrity, including edema and hemorrhage
congestion
Refers to the increase in blood content in the blood vessels of local tissues or organs.
Classification
arterial congestion
active congestion
Congestion of a local organ or organ due to increased arterial blood input
Common types
Physiological congestion
Skeletal muscle congestion during exercise, uterine congestion during pregnancy
Pathological congestion
inflammatory hyperemia
Hyperemia after decompression
Abdominal compression of intra-abdominal organs
Pathological changes
big, red, hot
ending
Generally can return to normal
On the basis of high blood pressure or arteriosclerosis, causing blood vessel rupture
venous congestion
congestion
passive process
Due to obstruction of venous return to organs or tissues, blood accumulates in small veins and capillaries, resulting in increased blood content in local organs and tissues.
reason
venous compression
venous lumen obstruction
heart failure
Pathological changes
big, purple, cool
Ending and consequences
congestion edema
Congestive bleeding
parenchymal cell damage
Congestive sclerosis
Congestion of vital organs
pulmonary congestion
In left heart failure, due to the reduction in left heart output, the blood volume in the left heart cavity increases, and the pulmonary venous return is blocked, causing pulmonary congestion.
clinical manifestations
Symptoms include difficulty breathing, pale or dry complexion, irritability, coughing, and coughing up pink frothy sputum.
Liver congestion
In right heart failure, due to the reduction in right heart output, the blood volume in the right heart chamber increases, venous return is blocked, and liver congestion occurs.
Congestive cirrhosis
Bleeding
Movement of blood from the heart chambers or blood vessels
Etiology and pathogenesis
Physiological
Normal menstrual endometrial bleeding
pathological
rupture hemorrhage
Mechanical damage to blood vessel walls
Cut wounds, gunshot wounds, stab wounds
Blood vessel wall or heart disease
aortic aneurysm, varicose vein rupture
Lesion erosion around blood vessel walls
Peptic ulcer disease, malignancy
ruptured capillaries
leakage bleeding
damage to blood vessel walls
Severe hypoxia, sepsis, drugs, hypersensitivity reactions
Thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction
congenital platelet defects
Thrombocytopenia
acquired platelet deficiency
Uremia
coagulation factor deficiency
Pathological changes
nosebleed
Bleeding of nasal mucosa
Hemoptysis
Respiratory bleeding discharged by mouth
Vomiting blood
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding discharged by mouth
Blood in the stool
Gastrointestinal bleeding discharged through the anus
blood in urine
Urinary tract bleeding excreted in urine
hemorrhagic collapse
Heavy uterine bleeding
petechiae
Smaller bleeding spots on skin, mucous membranes and serosa
Purple scar
Slightly more extensive bleeding
scar
Subcutaneous bleeding with a diameter of 1-2cm or more
hematoma
Localized massive bleeding within tissues
as a result of
Slow and light bleeding
No serious consequences
Small amounts of persistent or chronic recurring bleeding.
Iron deficiency anemia
Extensive or acute heavy bleeding.
hemorrhagic shock
Bleeding of vital organs.
Cause serious consequences, even death.
formation of thrombus
In the living heart and blood vessels, the formed components of the blood agglutinate to form a solid mass.
conditions and mechanisms
There are mutually antagonistic coagulation systems and anticoagulation systems in the blood.
Cardiovascular endothelial cell damage
Anticoagulant effect of endothelial cells
barrier effect
Antiplatelet aggregation
anticoagulant effect
Promote fibrinolysis
procoagulant effect of cells
Initiates the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways
Assist platelet adhesion
Inhibit fibrinolysis
Abnormalities in blood flow status
hypercoagulable state of blood
acquired hypercoagulable state
Secondary
hereditary hypercoagulable state
primary
process
The first step is platelet aggregation
blood clotting
type
White thrombus
head
mixed thrombus
body
red blood clot
tail
hyaline thrombus
Disseminated intravascular coagulation common in DIC
ending
dissolve, absorb or fall off
mechanization and recanalization
calcification of thrombus
formation of phleboliths or arterial stones
Effects on the body
block blood vessels
embolism
heart valve degeneration
bleeding or shock
embolism
Abnormal substances that are insoluble in the blood appear in the circulating blood and block the lumen of the blood vessels as the blood flows.
embolus
Abnormal substances causing embolism
Operation path
Embolism in the right heart or systemic venous system
Emboli in the left heart and aortic system
Spleen, kidney, brain, lower limbs
Portal venous system emboli
cross emboli
retrograde embolism
type
Thromboembolism
pulmonary embolism
systemic arterial embolism
fat embolism
gas embolism
air embolism
Nitrogen embolism
Other types of embolism
amniotic fluid embolism
tumor cell embolism
infarction
Ischemic necrosis of local tissues or organs caused by blockage of blood flow
Causes
formation of thrombus
arterial embolism
arterial spasm
blood vessel compression and occlusion
forming conditions
Type of blood supplying blood vessel
How quickly blood flow obstruction occurs
Tissue tolerance to hypoxia
blood oxygen content
type
anemic infarction
white infarct
hemorrhagic infarction
Conditions met
severe congestion
Dual blood circulation
loose tissue
Effects on the body
lighter
dysfunction occurs
Severe ones
life threatening
Edema
Excess fluid collects in the spaces between tissues or in body cavities
According to the scope of influence
Systemic
locality
According to the location of occurrence
Brain edema
Pulmonary Edema
subcutaneous edema
According to the cause of disease
renal edema
hepatic edema
cardiac edema
dystrophic edema
Lymphedema
inflammatory edema
The mechanism
Imbalance in fluid exchange inside and outside blood vessels_increased production of tissue fluid
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
Increased capillary permeability
Lymphatic drainage is blocked
Imbalance of fluid exchange inside and outside the body_water and sodium retention
Decreased glomerular filtration rate
Renal tubules reabsorb water and sodium increases
Renal blood flow redistribution
atrial natriuretic peptide
Increased aldosterone
Increased antidiuretic hormone
characteristic
Pathological changes
To the naked eye, the tissue is swollen, pale in color, and soft in texture.
Viewed under the mirror, transparent blank area
The shape of edema fluid
Leakage
exudate
skin characteristics
pitting edema, overt edema
invisible edema
Effects on the body
beneficial effect
inflammatory edema
Negative Effects
Cause tissue and cell dystrophy