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physiology blood
Physiology The mind map of blood summarizes the composition of blood, the physical and chemical properties of blood, blood cell physiology, and physiological hemostasis. If you like it, you can like it and save it~
Edited at 2023-06-18 20:35:03- bacteria
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physiology blood
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
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- Reproductive development of animals
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blood
Overview of blood physiology
blood composition
plasma
Water, electrolytes, small molecule compounds; plasma proteins
blood cells
Red blood cells RBC, white blood cells WBC, platelets TC
Physical and chemical properties of blood
proportion
viscosity
Osmotic pressure
Crystal osmotic pressure: affects the balance of water inside and outside the cell and cell volume
Colloidal osmotic pressure: regulates the balance of water inside and outside blood vessels and maintains normal plasma volume
pH
7.35~7.45
blood cell physiology
red blood cells
quantity
Physiological properties
plastic variability
Influencing factors (reduced deformation ability
The ratio of surface area to volume (reduces
viscosity within red blood cells (increased
Red blood cell membrane elasticity (reduced
suspension stability
The reason is that the friction between blood cells and plasma prevents red blood cells from sinking
The speed of erythrocyte sedimentation rate depends on whether red blood cells easily overlap with each other.
What causes red blood cells to stack on top of each other is a change in plasma composition
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR↑: increased levels of fibrinogen, globulin and cholesterol
ESR↓: Increased levels of albumin and lecithin
Osmotic fragility
Function
Transport O2 and CO2; buffer acid and alkali substances in the blood; immune function: type Ⅰ complement receptor (CR1)
Regulation of erythropoiesis
required substances
iron
Endogenous iron is bound to transferrin and transported to immature erythrocytes
Iron deficiency reduces Hb synthesis, leading to iron deficiency anemia
protein
Important raw material for the synthesis of hemoglobin
Folic acid and vitamin B12
Substance necessary for the maturation of red blood cells; an important coenzyme required for the synthesis of DNA
DNA synthesis is reduced, thereby affecting the division of red blood cells and the synthesis of Hb, causing megaloblastic anemia.
generative regulation
Erythropoietin EPO
Production site: Renal cortical peritubular interstitial cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells)
Hypoxia can quickly lead to increased synthesis and secretion of EPO
Physiological effects
Promote the proliferation of late erythroid progenitor cells CFU-E and transform into proerythrocytes
Inhibit CFU-E apoptosis, thereby promoting RBC generation
Accelerate red blood cell proliferation and Hb synthesis
Promote the maturation and release of reticulocytes
sex hormones
androgens
Increase the concentration of EPO in plasma and promote the production of red blood cells
Stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells, thereby promoting RBC production
Indirectly promotes RBC production by stimulating the secretion of EPO
Estrogen
Reduce the response of erythroid progenitor cells to EPO and inhibit the production of red blood cells
leukocyte
platelets
Function
Maintaining Endothelial Integrity: Support and Repair
Participate in the entire process of physiological hemostasis; platelets are hemostatic and participate in coagulation
Physiological properties
stick
Adhesion to damaged intravascular collagen fibers; adhesion of platelets to non-platelet surfaces
freed
Expulsion of substances stored in dense bodies, alpha-granules, or lysosomes
gather
Platelet-to-platelet adhesion
The first aggregation phase occurs quickly and can also deaggregate quickly, which is reversible aggregation; the second aggregation phase occurs slowly but cannot depolymerize, which is irreversible aggregation.
Aggregation agent: ADP, thrombin, collagen, 5-HT, TXA2, etc.
Inhibitors: prostaglandin PGI2, nitric oxide
shrink
Related to platelet contractile proteins; causes clot retraction
Adsorption
The surface can adsorb a variety of coagulation factors
Physiological hemostasis
basic process
Vasoconstriction; platelet thrombosis; blood coagulation
blood clotting
clotting factor
coagulation process
Formation of prothrombinase complex
intrinsic coagulation pathway
extrinsic coagulation pathway
Thrombin activation and fibrin production
clotting time
The difference between serum and plasma: the former lacks fibrinogen and some coagulation factors, but has more substances released by platelets during the coagulation process
Physiological coagulation mechanism in vivo
Negative regulation of blood coagulation
Anticoagulant effect of vascular endothelium
Fibrin adsorption, blood flow dilution, and phagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes
Physiological anticoagulant substances
fibrinolysis
Blood type and blood transfusion principles