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blood
Summary of blood knowledge. Blood is composed of 55% plasma and blood cells. Let’s take a look at the knowledge of blood images and functions. Everyone can learn it.
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blood
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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blood liquid
composition
Plasma 55%
extracellular matrix
Water, muscle protein, inorganic salts, enzymes
plasma proteins
albumin
globulin
fibrinogen
The difference and connection with serum: plasma (extracellular matrix) - fibrinogen (fiber) = serum (matrix)
blood cells
5. Reticulocytes
》Immature red blood cells
》Nucleusless, with organ (ribosome)＞Synthesis of hemoglobin
＞Accounting for 0.5%-1.5% of red blood cells＞Evaluation indicators for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of blood diseases
Brilliant tar blue staining
Red blood cells 45% 120 days
form
Biconcave disc shape (maximum carrying of O2 and CO2), no nucleus, no organelles D ~7~9um The center of the cytoplasm is lightly stained and the periphery is darkly stained, and the cytoplasm is filled with hemoglobin.
characteristic
Elasticity and morphological plasticity-facilitates passage through capillaries
No nucleus or organelles
semipermeable membrane
Function transport O2 and CO2
Density: Infants are larger than adults
Hb O2--oxygenated hemoglobin-bright red Hb CO2-deoxygenated hemoglobin-dark red Hb CO-carboxyhemoglobin-cherry red
leukocyte
Shape: spherical, nucleated
Normal value: (4__-10)*10 to the 9th power/L
Classification
Agranulocytosis (contains special granules)
Neutrophils 50--70%
The most numerous, rod-shaped nuclei or lobed nuclei (sausage-shaped, S-shaped, C-shaped). The more lobed the cells, the more senescent the cells are. The cytoplasm is pink, containing 80% of small, uniform neutral special granules and astrophilic granules. 20%
phagocytose bacteria and turn into pus cells
Chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bactericidal defense functions
Eosinophils: 0, 5--3%
Most of them have "eight" nuclei, which are relatively plump, and the cytoplasm contains uniform and thick eosinophilic granules.
Has anti-parasitic and anti-allergic effects
Increased numbers, allergic diseases, parasites
Basophils: 0--1%
The nucleus is irregular in shape and light in color, and the cytoplasm contains testophilic granules of different sizes and uneven distribution.
Can release histamine, leukotrienes, heparin and other substances, and are involved in allergic reactions
Increased number, allergic reaction
Agranulocytosis (contains azurophilic granules)
Monocytes: 3--8%
The nucleus is kidney-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, light in color, and the cytoplasm is rich in gray-blue color.
Immune cells with chemotaxis, phagocytosis and defense functions, core phagocytes, phagocytosis is not as good as macrophages
Lymphocytes: 20--30%
6~8um small lymphocytes 9~12um Lymphocytes 13~20um large lymphocytes Cytoplasm: less, basophilic (blue) Nucleus: large, round, shallowly concave, dark in color
Classification
T cells
B cells
Kill K cells
Natural killer NK cells, kill tumor cells and bacterially infected cells
Features
Chemotaxis and metamorphosis
defense and immunity
platelets
Function: Form thrombus, participate in hemostasis and coagulation
Normal value 100-300*10*9
3. Light microscopy structure of platelets >No nucleus, with organelles 》There are blue-purple particles in the center, which is the particle area. 》The surrounding area is homogeneous light blue and is a transparent area
4. Electron microscopy structure of platelets Granule area: special granules (platelet factor, platelet-derived growth factor, thrombospondin), dense granules (5-carboxytryptamine, ADP, ATP, epinephrine), lysosomes" Transparent area: microtubules, microfilaments open tubules, dense tubules, sugar coating
Blood
Determination of blood cell morphology, number, proportion and hemoglobin content
Function
transportation and material exchange
defense and protection
Involved in hemostasis and coagulation
Maintain the stability of the internal environment of the body