Physiological congestion

Pathological congestion

venous compression

venous lumen obstruction

heart failure

pulmonary congestion

Liver congestion

Often located in heart valves, cardiac chambers, and arteries where blood flow is faster

For example, in acute rheumatic endocarditis, the thrombus formed on the edge of mitral valve atresia is a white thrombus.

In venous thrombosis, it is located at the beginning of the continuous thrombus, that is, the head of the thrombus.

It is composed of platelets and a small amount of fibrin.

Lamellar thrombus (alternating gray-white and reddish-brown structure)

The body of a persistent thrombus in a vein is a mixed thrombus.

For example, mixed thrombi that occur within cardiac chambers, atherosclerotic ulcers, or aneurysms may be termed mural thrombi.

Mixed thrombi occurring in the left atrium are spherical in shape.

The tail of a persistent thrombus in a vein is a red thrombus.

It is brittle and can fall off to form embolism.

It occurs in the blood vessels of microcirculation, mainly in capillaries, and is also called microthrombus.

Common in DIC.

pulmonary embolism

Blockage in the small arteries of various organs is common in the brain, spleen, kidneys, and fingers and toes of the limbs.

intrahepatic portal vein branch embolism

Paradoxical embolism

Embolus enters the systemic circulatory system and causes embolism

Very rare thrombosis in the inferior vena cava

pulmonary embolism

systemic arterial embolism

Often results from long bone fractures, severe bruises and burns to fat tissue, which cause the fat cells to rupture and Fat droplets are released and enter the blood circulation from the ruptured bone marrow sinusoidal spaces or veins, causing fat embolism.

Characteristic petechial rash

When a large number of lipid droplets (9-20g) enter the pulmonary circulation in a short period of time, blocking 75% of the pulmonary circulation area, Can cause suffocation and death from acute right heart failure.

A large amount of air quickly enters the blood circulation or the gas dissolved in the blood quickly dissociates to form bubbles. Blocking the cardiovascular system is called a gas embolism.

air embolism

decompression sickness

A rare complication during childbirth with a mortality rate of greater than 80%.

thrombosis

blocked arteries

arterial spasm

blood vessel compression and occlusion

Organ blood supply characteristics

Sensitivity of local tissue to ischemia

The shape depends on the vascularity of the organ in which the infarction occurred. For example, cone, segment and map shapes.

The texture depends on the type of necrosis.

The color depends on the blood content of the lesion.

anemic infarction

hemorrhagic infarction

septic infarction