MindMap Gallery Chapter 5 Blood, Lymph and Hemogenesis
Chapter 5: Sharing the full version of blood, lymph and blood cell production. Blood is introduced in detail. 90% of plasma is water, and the rest is plasma proteins, lipoproteins, inorganic salts, hormones, vitamin enzymes and metabolites.
Edited at 2023-03-08 09:04:10El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
Blood, Lymph and Hemogenesis
blood
plasma
90% is water, the rest is plasma proteins, lipoproteins, inorganic salts, hormones, vitamins, enzymes and metabolites
blood cells
red blood cells
Diameter: 7~8.5 microns
Shape: Biconcave disc shape, light staining in the center
Structure: No nucleus, no organelles, filled with hemoglobin
Function: Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Average lifespan: 120 days
Reticulocytes
Characteristics: slightly larger, ribosomes remaining in the cytoplasm, bright tar blue staining showing a fine blue mesh
Normal value: 0.5% to 1.5% of red blood cells
leukocyte
granulocytic leukocytes
neutrophils
Quantity: 50%~70%
LM: 10 to 12 microns in diameter. The core is rod-shaped or divided into 2 to 5 leaves. There are small, uniform lavender granules (azurophilic granules) and pink granules (special granules) in the cytoplasm.
EM: Azure granules: larger, less amount (20%), lysosomes Special particles: small, large amount (80%), secretory particles
Function
Ability to perform active deformation movements (through blood vessel walls)
Chemotaxis and phagocytosis
eosinophils
Quantity: 0.5%~3%
LM: 10 to 15 microns in diameter. The core is mostly 2 leaves. The cytoplasm is filled with thick, uniform, orange-red eosinophilic granules
EM: Granules (special lysosomes) contain dense crystals
Function
Reduce allergic reactions
Involved in the immune response to worms
Chemotaxis and deformation motility
basophils
Quantity: 0%~1%
LM: 12 to 15 microns in diameter. The cells were spherical, with S-shaped or irregular nuclei and light-colored nuclei. The cytoplasm contains blue-purple basophilic granules and metachromasia.
EM: The electron density of the membrane particles is high, and some particles have a lamellar structure, containing heparin and histamine, and the cytoplasm contains leukotrienes.
Function
Carrying coagulation
Involved in allergic reactions
agranulocytosis
Lymphocytes
Quantity: 25%~30%
LM: Diameter 6~8 microns/9~12 microns/13~20 microns Small lymphocytes: round nuclei with lateral concavities and dark nuclei. The cytoplasm is sparse and strongly basophilic. The cytoplasm only forms a narrow edge around the nucleus, is stained blue, and contains a small amount of thick azurophilic granules.
EM: The cytoplasm contains abundant ribosomes, a small amount of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum and membrane particles.
Function
Participate in immune response
monocytes
Quantity 3%~8%
LM: 14-20 microns in diameter (the largest white blood cell. The nucleus has various shapes (nuclear oval/kidney-shaped/horseshoe-shaped), the nucleus is lightly stained, the cytoplasm is rich, and it contains small azurophilic granules.
EM: There are wrinkles and villi on the cell surface. The cytoplasm contains many lysosomes and phagosomes
Function
Enter connective tissue and differentiate into macrophages
Participate in immune response
Chemotaxis and deformation motility
platelets
Small pieces of cytoplasm formed by shedding of bone marrow megakaryocyte cytoplasm
Diameter: 2~4 microns
Quantity: (100~300)×10*9/L
Shape: biconvex flat disc, no core, easily deformed The central granular area is blue-purple The surrounding transparent area is light blue (weakly basophilic)
EM: The surface has a thick sugar coating, which can absorb plasma proteins and various coagulation factors. The clear zone contains microtubules and microfilaments arranged in a circular pattern to maintain the shape of platelets. The granular area contains platelet granules, mitochondria, tubules, glycogen, etc.
Function
Involved in hemostasis, coagulation and endothelial repair