MindMap Gallery blood circulation disorder
This summary of pathology knowledge covers the structure and function of the cardiovascular system as well as abnormalities or disorders of blood volume and properties. It is very suitable for medical students to prepare for exams.
Edited at 2023-02-18 21:57:09El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
blood circulation disorder
Can't bleed
congestion
concept
Arterial input↑
initiative
(Manifestation) Dilation of small/arterioles
reason
physiological
pathology
inflammation
Hyperemia after decompression
result
local volume↑
Red
Functional activities↑
Temperature↑
congestion
concept
Obstructed venous return
causing venous congestion
passivity
reason
Compression of veins
Thrombosis (blockage in the lumen of a vein)
Heart failure (left, right)
Summary
result
local volume↑
dark red
Function↓
Temperature↓
Cyanosis
Congestion of vital organs
pulmonary congestion
left heart failure
acute
Enlarged in size, dark red
Foamy red bloody fluid on the cut surface
capillary congestion
edema fluid bleeding
Chronic
Fibrosis
Brown sclerosis of the lungs
heart failure cells
Hemosiderin granules
clinical manifestations
Difficulty breathing
Pink frothy phlegm
Cranes: bubble bursting sound
Liver congestion
right heart failure
acute
Volume↑
hepatic sinusoidal dilation
Dark red
filled with red blood cells
Chronic
Betel nut liver
Congestion of liver lobules
perilobular steatosis
clinical manifestations
Hepatomegaly
Betel nut liver
Hepatic lobular blood vessels (veins, liver sinusoids) are dilated and congested
Perilobular hepatic stem cell steatosis
Hepatic centrilobular stem cell atrophy
Bleeding
concept
red blood cells
outside blood vessels or cardiac chambers
type
rupture
leakage
Damage to blood vessel walls (endothelium, basement membrane)
Thrombocytopenia/dysfunction
coagulation factor deficiency
hemosiderin
clinical manifestations
verb + blood
petechial purpura
body cavity hemorrhage
hematoma
thrombosis
concept
living body
Blood coagulates/forms solid
forming conditions
Endothelial cells
collagen exposure
coagulation factor XII
Platelets (adhesion, release, adhesion)
Summary
release tissue factor III
Summary
blood flow slows down
normal = axial flow
increased blood coagulability
acquired hypercoagulable state
Platelets and coagulation factors are activated/increased
hereditary hypercoagulable state
Factor V gene mutation
Formation process
White thrombus
platelets
fibrin
Summary
mixed thrombus
platelets
trabeculae
fibrin
between trabeculae
leukocyte
trabecular margin
red blood cells
Summary
red blood clot
fibrin
Blood cells (similar proportions to normal blood cells)
Summary
hyaline thrombus
concept
Microcirculation
microscope
Element
fibrin
fibrinous thrombus
DIC
Cause: formation of many microthrombi
diffuse intravascular hemorrhage
ending
absorb
Fibrisin, proteolytic enzyme activation
completely absorbed
partially absorbed
fall off
Mechanization
granulation tissue formation
The connection between thrombus and tube is no longer tight
moisture is absorbed
dry
Recanalization
crack
Reestablish blood flow
Calcification
exist for a long time
calcium salt deposits
venous arteriolith
effect
Stop bleeding
Stop the spread of pathogens
clogged
heart valve deformation
Extensive hemorrhage DIC
embolism
concept
in circulating blood
insoluble in blood
run with blood
block blood vessels
Embolisms come and go
pulmonary artery system
Systemic veins (deep veins of lower limbs)/right heart
systemic arteries
Left heart (left heart chamber)/aortic system/pulmonary veins
intrahepatic portal vein branches
portal vein
[intersectionality]
Congenital atrial (ventricular) defect
[Reverse embolism]
Increased chest and abdominal pressure
Embolism type
thrombus
pulmonary artery
dual blood supply
Condition
Small, medium and small
It doesn't matter
Small and many
Blockage of multiple small arteries
right heart failure
big
Blocking
long
Straddle embolism (pulmonary aortic bifurcation)
The lungs are already congested
hemorrhagic infarction
systemic arteries
Infarction due to lack of collateral circulation
Fat
source
fracture
fat burns, bruises
fatty liver hit
People with high blood lipids are highly nervous
Blood lipids in the suspended milk state are unstable and turn into fat droplets
Summary
>20μm
pulmonary embolism
Pulmonary artery thrombosis
Enter the left heart and systemic circulation
common cerebral vascular embolism
Brain edema
Peripheral spotting
gas
A lot of air comes in
Blood becomes foamy (compressible)
High pressure to low pressure environment
decompression sickness
free gas in blood
subcutaneous
emphysema
Blood vessel
ischemia, infarction
muscle
pain
coronary artery
blood circulation disorder
amniotic fluid
fetal metabolites
anaphylactic shock
vasoactive substances
reflex vasospasm
Thromboplastin
DIC
Tumors, placenta, bullets
infarction
concept
avascular necrosis
reason
Before blood supply is interrupted
thrombus
embolism
Cramp
under pressure
After blood supply is interrupted
Is there collateral circulation?
Is the tissue sensitive to oxygen?
Cerebral infarction 3-4 minutes
Myocardial infarction 20-30 minutes
type
anemic infarction
The infarct contains little blood
white infarct
condition
Blocked arteries and smooth venous drainage
dense tissue
Not easy to bleed
Less collateral circulation
No other blood source
lesions
spleen kidney heart brain
Mostly coagulative necrosis
brain liquefaction
hemorrhagic infarction
The infarct contains a lot of blood
red infarct
condition
Arteries and veins are blocked
And it was already bruised
loose tissue
prone to bleeding
dual blood supply
lesions
lungs and intestines
as a result of
Same as necrosis
Edema
tissue gap
Increased body fluids
reason
Blood osmotic pressure↓
Obstructed venous return
Venous hydrostatic pressure↑
Blocked lymphatic flow