1) Anticoagulation

2) Adjust blood lipids

3) Anti-inflammatory

4) Inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and resist vascular intimal hyperplasia

5) Inhibit platelet aggregation and avoid combination with platelets

1) Thromboembolic diseases

2) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

3) Prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, vascular surgery and peripheral venous postoperative thrombosis

4) Extracorporeal anticoagulation

1) Spontaneous bleeding

2) Thrombocytopenia

3) Others

When using heparin Dosage should be strictly controlled Clotting time (PPT) should be closely monitored Stop taking the medicine immediately if the bleeding becomes hard Detoxification of overdose poisoning with protamine

Liver and kidney insufficiency, bleeding tendency, ulcer disease, severe hypertension, trauma and surgery, pregnant women

1) The anticoagulant dose is easy to control and has small individual differences.

2) Laboratory monitoring of anticoagulant activity is generally not required

3) Low toxicity and safe

4) Long acting time, subcutaneous injection 1 to 2 times a day

5) Small molecular weight, difficult to induce thrombocytopenia

Used to prevent blood clots after orthopedic surgery, etc.

A powerful and specific thrombin inhibitor, 1:1 molecule directly binds to thrombin and inhibits thrombin activity.

Prevent postoperative thrombosis, unstable angina, etc.

Its target is the liver! Can only stop bleeding inside the body

internal processes

Pharmacological effects

Clinical application

Adverse reactions

1) Cyclooxygenase inhibitor: aspirin

2) TXA2 synthase inhibitors and TXA2 receptor blockers: lidogrel

epoprostenol

Dipyridamole (Dipyridamole)

Irreversibly inhibit platelet aggregation and adhesion

Prevention of acute myocardial reinfarction, cerebrovascular and coronary embolic disease

GPIIb/IIIa-R: specific recognition and binding site of adhesion protein for platelet aggregation

Strong inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation

Combines with plasminogen to form sk-plasminogen complex, which indirectly promotes the conversion of plasminogen into plasmin and dissolves thrombus.

1Acute thromboembolic disease

2Acute myocardial infarction

1. Spontaneous bleeding: aminotribenzoic acid

2. Allergic reaction: antigenicity

1) Natural form: Vitamins K1 and K2, fat-soluble, requiring bile to assist absorption (fast action, long duration, generally administered by intramuscular injection)

2) Artificial synthesis: Vitamins K3 and K4, water-soluble, do not require bile to assist absorption (can be taken orally)

As a coenzyme of carboxylase, it participates in the activation of IIa, VIIa, IXa, anticoagulant protein C, anticoagulant protein S, etc.

When antibiotics are used to destroy intestinal flora, Vk decreases and coagulation dysfunction leads to bleeding.

Has a certain analgesic effect

1) For bleeding caused by Vk deficiency

2) Bleeding due to low prothrombin

3. Prevent vitamin K deficiency secondary to long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotics

4. Bleeding caused by overdose of oral anticoagulants after extensive intestinal resection

1. Excessive vein speed: causing facial flushing, sweating, and decreased blood pressure (must be injected intramuscularly)

2. Gastrointestinal reactions

3. Larger doses of premature infants and neonatal hemolytic anemia

Promote the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin to stop bleeding

Commonly used for bleeding from small blood vessels and solid organs, and can also be used for local hemostasis

Mechanism

Clinical application

Commonly used preparations: ferrous sulfate, ferric citrate, iron dextran

Factors affecting iron absorption

Pharmacological effects

Clinical application

Adverse reactions

Clinical application

internal processes

Pharmacological effects

Clinical application

Pharmacological effects

Clinical application: The best indication is anemia caused by chronic renal failure

Effective for anemia caused by low bone marrow hematopoietic function, tumor chemotherapy, and AIDS drug treatment

Medium molecule>Low molecule>Small molecule

Small molecules>Low molecules

1. Increase plasma osmotic pressure and expand blood volume

2. Inhibit platelet and red blood cell aggregation and improve microcirculation

3. Osmotic diuresis

1. Prevention and treatment of hypovolemic shock (medium)

2. Prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases (low, small)

3. Prevent and treat acute renal failure (low, small)

1. Allergic reaction

2. Coagulation disorders and bleeding