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Gas Law_backup_28122e
Respiratory treatments such as oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation require basic knowledge of physics, such as the Venturi principle: when fluid flows through a stenosis, if the pipe distal to the stenosis gradually expands, the pressure in the pipe can return to the pressure before contraction. The gradual expansion of the pipe must have a divergence angle of less than 15 degrees
Edited at 2023-05-28 16:32:34- bacteria
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Gas Law_backup_28122e
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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gas law
1. Boyle’s law: V-P
V=1/P, or V=k(1/P)
V1P1=V2P2, or V2=V1P1/P2
2. Charlie’s Law: V-T
V/T=k, or V1/T1=V2/T2
3. Lussac’s law: T-P
P/T=k, or P1/T1=P2/T2
mixed gas law
PV/T=nR n是气体的摩尔数， R是玻尔兹曼通用气体常数
P1V1/T1=P2V2/T2
4. Dalton’s law of partial pressure
PB=PO2 PN2 PCO2 P trace gas
The sum of the partial pressures of the mixed gases is equal to the total pressure of the system. The partial pressure of any gas in a mixture is directly proportional to its percentage in the mixture.
PO2=760×0.21=159.6mmHg
Water vapor pressure does not follow Dalton's law and depends mainly on temperature. When calculating the partial pressure of a gas, it must be subtracted from the total pressure of the gas mixture
PO2=(760-47)×0.21=149.7mmHg
5. Avogadro’s Law
The same volume of gas contains the same number of molecules at the same pressure and temperature
Calculation of Gas Density and Specific Gravity
Density (g/L) = molar weight of gas/22.4L
12. Coanda effect
11. Venturi principle
If the tube distal to the stenosis gradually expands as fluid flows through the stenosis, the pressure within the tube can return to the pre-constriction pressure. The gradual expansion of the pipe must have a divergence angle of less than 15 degrees
10. Bernoulli’s principle
As the forward velocity of a gas (or liquid) through a pipe increases, the pressure on the side walls of the pipe decreases
9. Flow mode
Laminar flow - Poiseuille's law
Turbulence - Reynolds number NR
v is the flow rate, r is the radius of the tube, d is the density of the gas, and eta is the viscosity
When NR＞2000, turbulence dominates
transition flow
In the case of dominant laminar flow, the driving pressure changes linearly with the flow rate. When turbulence dominates, the driving pressure varies with the square of the flow rate.
8. Fick’s law of diffusion
The amount of gas passing through the semipermeable membrane (V̇ gas) per unit time is equal to The membrane surface area (a), the partial pressure gradient on both sides of the membrane (ΔP) and the solubility of the gas (S) are directly proportional; Inversely proportional to the square root of the gas molecular mass and the film thickness (T).
The diffusivity of a gas is equal to its solubility divided by the square root of its molecular weight
7. Henry’s Law
At a constant temperature, the amount of gas dissolved in a unit volume of liquid Proportional to the product of the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility coefficient
c is the molar concentration of dissolved gas (mol/L), P is the pressure of gas on liquid (atm), S is the solubility coefficient of the gas in the specific liquid (L/atm or L/mm Hg).
6.Graeme’s Law
When two gases are placed under the same temperature and pressure conditions, The diffusion rates of two gases are inversely proportional to the square root of their masses
r1 and r2 are the diffusion rates of gas respectively. M1 and M2 are molar masses
If the mass of a gas is considered to be proportional to its density at constant temperature and pressure, then
d1 and d2 are the densities of the gas
law of diffusion