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Psychology and Emotion Reading Notes
This is a mind map of reading notes about psychology and emotions, including emotions and cognition, Emotions and behavior, emotional regulation, etc.
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Psychology and Emotion Reading Notes
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Reproductive development of animals
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- Outline
Chapter 5 Emotions
emotion and cognition
1. Overview of emotions
what are emotions
Emotion versus emotion Emotion is the subjective experience of the emotional process and the feeling aspect of the emotion Emotions: Used both in humans and animals Emotion: Can only be used on humans
1. Literal meaning: "Excitement or turmoil of the mind, feelings, or emotions, broadly referring to any excited or excited state of mind."
2. Emotion: It is an inner feeling or attitude of human beings towards various cognitive phenomena.
3. Positive emotions, such as love, happiness, etc., negative emotions, such as hatred, depression, dissatisfaction, etc.
4. Dimensions of emotion: intensity, tension, pleasure, complexity and other dimensions
Classification of emotions (according to the evolution of the emotion or the type of stimulus)
Primitive basic emotions: manifested in four forms: happiness, anger, sadness and fear
often highly nervous
Emotions caused by sensory stimulation: pain, disgust, lightness
often mild or strong
Emotions related to self-evaluation: expressed as feelings of success and failure, pride and shame, guilt and regret
This mainly depends on the evaluation criteria
Emotions related to others: the main expressions are love and hate
Over time, such emotions often transform into lasting emotional tendencies or attitudes.
Emotions related to appreciation: they are surprise, awe, beauty, humor
The most lasting mental state: that is, the state of mind
emotion theory
1. James-Lange theory: It is believed that emotional stimulation causes physiological reactions in the body, and physiological reactions further lead to the generation of emotional experience, that is, emotions are the perception of changes in the body.
2. Pavlov’s theory: The advanced neural activities of the cerebral cortex can establish, maintain and destroy various conditioned reflexes and dynamic stereotypes, which subjectively constitute our various positive and negative emotions and emotions.
3. Cannon-Bard's theory: The physiological response of the autonomic nervous system does not contribute to the occurrence of emotions. The generation of emotions is the function of the cerebral cortex to relieve the inhibition of the thalamus, that is, the stimuli that stimulate emotions are processed by the thalamus and the information is transmitted at the same time. to the brain and other parts of the body.
4. Schachter’s theory: Emotions arise both from feedback of physiological responses and from cognitive evaluations of situations that lead to these responses.
5. Arnold-Lazarus theory: It not only recognizes that emotional biological factors have the value of evolutionary adaptation, but also recognizes that emotions are restricted by social and cultural situations, individual experiences and personality characteristics, and all of this happens at any time in the recognition of anything. Under evaluation.
2. The impact of cognition on emotion
Feeling is the primary condition for inducing emotions
Individuals carry out cognitive experiences through sensory stimulation, resulting in certain emotional experiences.
Memory and imagination determine emotions
Memory and imagination are the basis for the generation of emotions and the subjective conditions for emotional expression.
Attention and thinking also determine the generation and expression of emotions
Attention can awaken emotions, and thinking can affect the way and speed of emotional reactions.
3. The impact of emotions on cognition
The motivational function of emotions refers to the motivation that emotions can inspire people's cognition and action.
The signaling function of emotions means that emotions are the natural expression of human ideology.
The contagious function of emotions means that emotional communication between people requires the contagion of emotions.
emotions and behavior
1. Emotional Behavior Theory
(1) Emotional research: The approach is mainly reflected in two aspects, namely, the study of "outdoor" situations and the study of the lasting effects of harmful stimulation.
(2) Frustration-emotion research: Contains two basic propositions, one is that frustration increases the tendency to attack, and the other is that aggressive behavior is sufficient evidence that frustration must have occurred in advance
(3) Research on conditioned emotional responses: The experimental paradigm can be expressed as, conditioned stimulus-short time interval-unconditioned stimulus
2. The relationship between emotion and behavior
The innate connection between emotion and behavior
It can emerge from emotional expressions, which are the outward behaviors of emotions in an organism.
Acquired social and cultural constraints on emotions and behavior
The expression of emotional behavior is obviously affected by sociocultural factors, that is, people from different cultural backgrounds express their emotional behaviors in different ways.
regulation of emotions
1. Emotional intelligence (EQ)
(1) Self-awareness: Understand your own emotions.
(2) Self-motivation: think about problems with hope.
(3) Emotional control: Manage emotions properly.
(4) Interpersonal communication: Recognize the emotions of others and be able to manage interpersonal relationships well.
(5) Frustration tolerance: the ability to tolerate failure.
Main factors of EQ
2. Positive psychology
(1) Positive emotional experience
Positive and constructive emotional experiences such as love, joy, interest, satisfaction, pride, happiness, joy, etc.
(2) Positive personality traits
Positive and constructive personality traits such as optimism, wisdom, tolerance, and courage.
(3) Positive social environment
Family, school and social and cultural conditions that have a positive and constructive effect on students' psychological development.
3. Necessary conditions for healthy emotions
Correct pursuit of life: It is a spiritual pillar for personal study, work and life.
Broad mind: It is the basic condition for the formation of healthy emotions.
Adapt to life rationally: that is, the level of rational acceptance of real life, the level of rational evaluation of oneself, and the level of rational self-control of emotions.
Looking for happiness around you: It is an important manifestation of emotional health.
4. Control of bad emotions
(1) Control of angry emotions
Step one: Be self-aware of your own rage.
Step 2: Attribute the angry emotion.
Step 3: Find ways to control your anger.
(2) Control of excessive anxiety
First of all, actively entering a state of relaxation is an important way to eliminate anxiety.
Secondly, suppressing the old with the new is also a way to eliminate anxiety.
Finally, consciously detect the occurrence of anxiety as early as possible and question it in a rational way.
(3) Control of excessive tension
The first is to block the relevant links or pathways that cause tension, and fundamentally eliminate the sources or stimuli that cause tension, so as to relax.
The second is to improve the environment. It is necessary to not only improve the material environment in which people live and work, adjust the stimulation of various material environments so that people can better adapt to the environment, but also change the psychological environment to prevent or eliminate various contradictions, conflicts and setbacks. factor.
The third is to improve and cultivate individual coping capabilities, that is, to develop the ability to overcome difficulties, complete tasks and adapt to the environment.
The fifth is verbal relaxation training.
(4) Control of depression
Might as well cry.
Deliberately arrange more pleasant events to divert attention.
Guidance methods include verbal suggestion method, asking others for guidance, environmental adjustment method, self-expression method, etc.
(5) Control of inferiority complex
Take a correct look at objective reality.
Overcome your own psychological weaknesses.
The most important thing is to think highly of yourself
post-study evaluation
1. What are emotions and emotional expressions? 2. What is emotionality? 3. In what aspects are the psychological disorders of depression manifested? 4. What are the standards for healthy emotions? 5. Briefly describe Hull’s theory. 6. How to control inferiority complex? 7. When your friend is broken up in love or fails in an exam, how do you comfort and enlighten him or her?
【learning target】 1. Understand what intelligence is based on understanding the evolution of the concept of intelligence. 2. Master the main intellectual theories. 3. Use the theory of multiple intelligences to explain the relationship between intelligence and individual career success. 4. Understand the methods of intelligence tests and the meaning of intelligence test results. 5. Can explain why intellectual development is necessary and possible. 6. Master the content and main methods of intellectual development. 7. Understand what creativity is. 8. Make use of the relationship between the cultivation of creativity and the educational environment to clarify how to create an educational environment conducive to the development of individual creativity in educational practice.
Keywords: emotion, emotion theory, emotion classification, emotion recognition, emotion regulation