measles

rubella

Urgent rash in young children

chicken pox

Hand, foot and mouth disease

viral

scarlet fever

measles virus

"The rash is hot and intense" - when the rash breaks out, the body temperature is the highest and it is densely packed. Palpate behind the ears first.

rubella virus

"LN swelling in the neck", the rash is not obvious, and often merges into a wheal

human herpesvirus type 6

"The heat subsides and the rash appears"

Varicella-zoster virus

"Four generations under one roof" - macules, herpes, vesicles and scabs can appear at the same time

Enterovirus (EV)

"Four no's" - no pain, no itching, no scabs, no scars

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (pyogenic bacteria)

"Paaschein's lines/peeling", causing fever after suppurative tonsillitis

Source of infection: measles patients (carriers are not used as a source of infection)

Contagious: 5 days before and after the rash appears. If it is complicated by pneumonia, it will be delayed until 10 days after the rash appears.

Most common: pneumonia, laryngitis, myocarditis, encephalitis, exacerbation of tuberculosis, malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency

Incubation period: about 10 days

Prodromal period 3~4 days

The rash period lasts for 3 to 4 days

Recovery period 3~4 days

Characteristics: runny nose and tears on face, high fever and crying but not talking, wear a hat and wear clothes when rash occurs, remember it in three to three days

General treatment: rest, care, nutrition, hydration, vitamin A supplement

Symptomatic treatment

Treatment of complications

Control sources of infection

Cut off transmission routes: Susceptible people should try to avoid going to public places as much as possible

Protect the vulnerable

Source of infection: rubella patients

way for spreading

Isolate the patient until 5 to 7 days after the onset of rash

Rubella vaccination

Highly effective immunoglobulin

acquired rubella

congenital rubella syndrome

No special treatment, only symptomatic treatment

Incubation period: about 10 days

fever period

Rash period

recovery period

Treat symptoms and isolate children

It is highly contagious and is contagious from 1 to 2 days before the rash appears to about 7 to 8 days after all scabs have formed.

Long-lasting immunity is acquired after infection, but shingles can occur later

Skin infections are most common

Severe cases can cause: chickenpox pneumonia, encephalitis, myocarditis, etc.

incubation period

classic chickenpox

severe chickenpox

Antiviral (ribavirin, acyclovir)

Antibiotics for combined bacterial infections

Various enteroviruses (EVs)

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) often causes severe cases

There are many ways of transmission and it is highly contagious and can cause outbreaks.

Digestive tract, respiratory tract, close contact transmission

It is common in preschoolers and is generally susceptible

Common cases

severe cases

Supportive, symptomatic, antiviral

Severely ill patients can receive intravenous gamma globulin

Isolation treatment and strengthened monitoring in daycare institutions

The incidence rate is high in winter and spring

Patients and carriers are sources of infection

Respiratory droplet transmission

A few children may develop acute glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever 1 to 5 weeks after onset.

prodromal stage

Rash period

recovery period

Penicillin is the first choice, intramuscular or intravenous injection for 7 to 10 days

If you are allergic to penicillin, you can choose erythromycin or cephalosporins

Isolate patient until recovery and throat swab culture is negative

Give long-acting penicillin to close contacts

Source of infection: patients and carriers

Transmission route: Transmitted through oral close contact, so it is also called the "kissing disease"

Susceptible groups: older children and adolescents

Characteristics: This disease is a benign, self-limiting disease with a good prognosis in most cases. A small number of serious complications such as hemophagocytosis syndrome and spleen rupture occur

Incubation period 30~50d

The main symptoms

1. Nervous system

2. Blood system

3. Spleen rupture

4. Others

i.e. leaflet is a systemic disease

clinical diagnosis

Laboratory confirmed

Differentiation from infectious mononucleosis caused by other viruses such as Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, rubella virus and other infections

Tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus

viral hepatitis

This disease is a benign, self-limiting disease with a good prognosis in most cases, and symptomatic treatment is the mainstay.

Epstein-Barr virus 250, transmitted through mouth, caused fever and sore throat due to anger, pinched the swollen lymph nodes, punched out the swollen eyelids, kicked out hepatosplenomegaly, and transformed the lymph in the blood.