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Medicine-Stomatology Mind Map
This is a mind map about clinical medicine-stomatology, with a detailed introduction and comprehensive description. I hope it will be helpful to interested friends!
Edited at 2023-12-02 18:55:39- bacteria
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Medicine-Stomatology Mind Map
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This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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- Outline
oral cavity
「1」Oral and maxillofacial anatomy and physiology
Overview
divide
Main physiological functions
Oral and maxillofacial anatomy and physiology
Oral partition
oral vestibule
proper oral cavity
Oral tissues and organs
lip
cheek
tooth
tongue
palate
floor of mouth
deciduous and permanent teeth
Maxillofacial Anatomy and Physiology
Surface markings and coordination relationships
jaw
maxilla
lower jaw
muscle
masticatory muscles
Closing muscles
opening muscles
Expression muscles
Blood vessel
Lymphoid tissue
nerve
Trigeminal nerve
Ocular nerve
maxillary nerve
sphenopalatine nerve
Nasopalatine nerve
anterior palatine nerve
canine area cross
middle palatine nerve and retropalatine nerve
through the palatal foramen
superior alveolar nerve
superior alveolar nerve
superior alveolar nerve
superior retroalveolar nerve
mandibular nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
lingual nerve
buccal nerve
facial nerve
temporal branch
Distributed in frontalis muscle (damaged frontal lines disappear)
Zygomatic branch
Distributed in the upper part of the orbicularis oculi muscle and the frontalis muscle (the damaged eyelid cannot be closed)
buccal branch
Distributed in the buccinator muscle, laughing muscle and orbicularis oris muscle (air leakage when the cheek is damaged)
marginal mandibular branch
Distributed in the muscles of the lower lip (paralysis of the damaged lower lip, distortion of the corners of the mouth)
cervical branch
salivary glands
parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
temporomandibular joint
「4」Dental endodontic disease
Dental disease
caries
Cause: Susceptibility ➕Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans) ➕Substrate ➕Time
Classification
According to the rate of progress
Acute caries/wet caries (violent caries/rampant caries/radiation caries)
Chronic caries/dry caries (quiescent caries)
secondary caries
Press the damaged anatomy
Osteoarthritis (pit and fissure caries)
Smooth surface caries
Root caries
linear enamel caries
occult caries
Classification by lesion depth
Superficial caries
Medium caries
deep caries
treat
non-surgical treatment
Surgical treatment (hole making classification)
Non-caries
Dental fluorosis
Tetracycline
wedge-shaped defect
dentin hypersensitivity
Sensitivity to mechanical stimuli
cracked tooth
Tooth trauma
acid erosion
Exogenous origin is more common on the labial surface of the anterior teeth
Endogenous is more common on the lingual and palatal sides of the teeth
enamel hypoplasia
hereditary dentin disorders
congenital syphilis teeth
Fusion teeth, twin teeth, combined teeth
Deformed central tip
tooth invagination
Abnormal number of teeth
Abnormal tooth eruption
Endodontic disease
Cause
Microbiology (Main)
physics
Chemical
immune factors
Classification
reversible pulpitis
irreversible pulpitis
acute pulpitis
chronic pulpitis
chronic atretic pulpitis
chronic ulcerative pulpitis
chronic proliferative pulpitis
Residual myelitis
retrograde pulpitis
Pulp necrosis
Pulp calcification
periapical disease
Cause - mostly developed from endodontic disease
Classification
acute apical periodontitis
serous
Purulent
clinical manifestations
periapical abscess
subperiosteal abscess
submucosal abscess
chronic periapical periodontitis
Periapical granuloma
chronic periapical abscess
periapical cyst
periapical dense osteitis
Emergency treatment for toothache
Open marrow drainage
Incision and drainage of pus
remove irritation
Adjust bite
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic
「5」Periodontal disease
gum disease
Chronic gingivitis (main)
Cause: Initiation - dental plaque
adolescent gingivitis
pregnancy gingivitis
Drug-induced gingival hypertrophy
gingival fibromatosis
Gingivoma
acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
acute gingivopapillitis
periodontitis
chronic periodontitis
Cause: Dental plaque, tartar
Pathogenic bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis
Four characteristics
periodontal pocket formation
gum inflammation
Alveolar bone resorption
loose teeth
Grading
Mild
Moderate
Severe
treat
Inhibit plaque
aggressive periodontitis
limitation
extensive
treat
clear infection
「6」Common diseases of oral mucosa
oral herpes simplex
primary herpes simplex virus
secondary herpes simplex virus
Oral candidiasis
Candida stomatitis
Acute pseudomembranous candidal stomatitis
Acute erythematous candidal stomatitis/antibiotic stomatitis
Chronic erythematous (atrophic) candidiasis/denture stomatitis
chronic proliferative candidiasis
Candida cheilitis
Candida angular cheilitis
recurrent aphthous ulcer
Mild aphthous ulcer
severe aphthous ulcer
Aphthous ulcer herpetiformis
pemphigus
Pemphigus vulgaris
value-promoted pemphigus
Pemphigus foliaceus
Oral leukoplakia
Homogeneous type
Patchy
crumpled paper
Heterogeneous type
Granular
verrucous
ulcer-like
Oral lichen planus OLP
Oral Manifestations of Sexually Transmitted Diseases
AIDS
syphilis
gonorrhea
Oral mucosal manifestations of other common systemic diseases
Hand, foot and mouth disease
drug allergic stomatitis
angioedema
erythema multiforme
Behcet's disease/Behcet's syndrome
Radiation stomatitis
Reiter syndrome
Oral leukokeratosis
discoid lupus erythematosus
burning mouth syndrome
「7」Oral local anesthesia
Local anesthesia
Commonly used anesthetic drugs
Oral local anesthesia method
topical anesthesia
Infiltration anesthesia
block anesthesia
maxillary nerve block anesthesia
Pterygopalatine canal injection
Greater palatine foramen (the midpoint of the line connecting the palatal gingival margin of the maxillary third molar to the palatal midline arcuate concave surface, the middle and outer 1/3 of the plane)
extraoral injection
Zygomatic bone and mandibular notch
Upper retroalveolar nerve block anesthesia
Distal buccal oral vestibular groove of maxillary second molar
Infraorbital nerve block anesthesia
extraoral injection
Infraorbital foramen (about 1cm next to the nose on the same side)
intraoral injection
Infraorbital foramen (in the oral vestibular groove of the maxillary lateral incisors)
Anterior palatine nerve block anesthesia
Greater palatine foramen (the midpoint of the line connecting the palatal gingival margin of the maxillary third molar to the arcuate concave surface of the midline of the palate)
Nasopalatine nerve block anesthesia
Anterior palatine foramen (incisive foramen)
mandibular nerve block anesthesia
Foramen ovale (zygomatic arch and mandibular notch)
Inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia
Pterygomandibular space (tip of buccal fat pad)
Lingual nerve block anesthesia
1cm anterior and medial to the inferior alveolar nerve
Buccal nerve block anesthesia
Pterygomandibular space (tip of buccal fat pad)
Complications and prevention of oral local anesthesia
general anesthesia
"8" tooth extraction
「14」 Maxillofacial nerve diseases
trigeminal neuralgia
Classification
primary trigeminal neuralgia
secondary trigeminal neuralgia
Functional check (the original does not affect the function)
sensory function
Pain and temperature sensations are lost but touch is present
Spinal tract nucleus damage
corneal reflex
The unaffected side can still cause bilateral reactions
No reaction on either side of the affected side
palatal reflex
The reaction disappears on one side
Damage to the retropalatine nerve or sphenopalatine nerve on that side
Motor function
Paralysis of masticatory muscles (relaxation when clenching, relaxation when swallowing)
Differential diagnosis
atypical facial pain
Toothache and other odontogenic diseases
sinusitis
Temporomandibular joint disorder
glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Similar symptoms but different parts
treat
primary
medical treatement
carbamazepine
Semilunar ganglion radiofrequency temperature-controlled thermocoagulation
Acupuncture
closed therapy
physiotherapy
Injection therapy
95% ethanol
microvascular decompression
Facial nerve palsy
Bell's palsy (recoverable)
treat
acute phase
Glucocorticoids➕antiviral drugs
recovery period
sequelae period
permanent facial nerve paralysis
「13」Oral and maxillofacial tumors
Oral and maxillofacial cysts
soft tissue cyst
sebaceous cyst
Puncture: white curd-like sebaceous gland secretions
Dermoid or epidermoid cyst
Puncture: Milky white tofu-like discharge
thyrohyoid cyst
Puncture: transparent, slightly turbid yellow thin or viscous liquid
branchial cleft cyst
Puncture: Yellow-green liquid containing cholesterol crystals
jaw cyst
odontogenic jaw cyst
apical cyst
basal cyst
dentigerous cyst
odontogenic keratocyst
non-odontogenic cyst
bulbomaxillary cyst
Nasopalatine cyst
median cyst
nasolabial cyst
Tumor-like lesions and benign tumors
tumor-like lesions
Pigmented nevus
intradermal nevus
Handover mole
mixed nevus
Gingival tumors (non-true tumors)
benign tumor
ameloblastoma
Hemangioma
Vascular malformations
Venous malformation (cavernous hemangioma)
Postural shift test positive
venous malformation
port wine stain
Arteriovenous malformation (penduloid hemangioma or botryoid hemangioma)
Feeling of tremor on palpation
Auscultatory blowing murmur
lymphatic malformation
Microcystic type (capillary type and cavernous lymphangioma)
May have macroglossia
Macrocystic type (cystic hygroma or cystic hygroma)
The body movement test is negative but the light transmission test is sometimes positive
mixed vascular malformation
neurofibromatosis
ossifying fibroma
Oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors
tongue cancer
Deep cervical lymph node metastasis
gum cancer
submandibular lymph nodes
cheek cancer
submandibular lymph node metastasis
Palate cancer
cervical lymph nodes
floor of mouth cancer
cervical lymph nodes
maxillary sinus cancer
lip cancer
oropharyngeal cancer
facial skin cancer
Fibrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
malignant lymphoma
「12」Common diseases of salivary glands
salivary gland inflammation
acute suppurative mumps
chronic relapsing mumps
chronic obstructive mumps
Sialolithiasis and submandibular adenitis
Sjogren's syndrome
salivary gland mucocele
mucocele
Most commonly occur on the ventral side of the lower lip and tongue tip
sublingual gland cyst
Simple type
Extraoral shape
Dumbbell type
salivary gland tumors
benign salivary gland tumors
Pleomorphic adenoma/mixed tumor
Predilection: parotid gland > submandibular gland, minor salivary gland is most common in the palate
Warthin's tumor/adenolymphoma/papillary lymphocystadenoma
Salivary gland malignant tumors
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Predilection: parotid gland > palate > submandibular gland
Adenoid cystic carcinoma/cylindroma
Prevalent: minor salivary glands and parotid glands in the palate
「11」Common diseases of temporomandibular joint
Temporomandibular joint anatomy and function
hard tissue
glenoid fossa
articular tubercle
condyle
Soft tissue
articular disc
joint capsule
ligament
Blood vessels and nerve distribution of the temporomandibular joint
Masticatory muscles
sports
opening and closing movements
back and forth movement
lateral movement
Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD)
Masticatory muscle disorders
structural disorder
Restorable predisplacement
Irreducible predisplacement
joint subluxation
inflammatory disease
degenerative joint disease
temporomandibular joint dislocation
acute anterior dislocation
recurrent anterior dislocation
Temporomandibular joint ankylosis
Intra-articular ankylosis/true ankylosis
Fibrous ankylosis (no pain, restricted opening)
Bone ankylosis (complete inability to speak)
Common causes: Suppurative otitis media (secondary infection from adjacent tissue sources) and trauma
Extra-articular ankylosis/pseudoarthrosis/intermaxillary contracture
Mixed ankylosis (both)
other illnesses
temporomandibular joint infection
temporomandibular joint injury
Congenital or developmental malformations of the temporomandibular joint
「10」Oral and maxillofacial injuries
First aid treatment of oral and maxillofacial injuries
contact asphyxiation
Stop bleeding
Wound dressing
Transport of the wounded
prevent infection
Oral and maxillofacial soft tissue injuries
closed injury
abrasions
contusion
sting
open injury
Contusion and laceration
stabbing
Cut wounds
cut
bite
Facial burns
Characteristics of treatment of soft tissue injuries in several special parts of the face
Cheek injuries
Nasal injury
lip damage
Eyebrow and eyelid injuries
Parotid gland and parotid duct injury
facial nerve injury
Oral and maxillofacial firearm injuries
Tooth and alveolar bone injuries
tooth contusion
tooth luxation
Broken tooth
jaw fracture
maxillary fracture
mandibular fracture
Zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch fractures
「9」Oral and maxillofacial infection
Overview
Pericoronitis of mandibular third molar
Maxillofacial space infection
Infraorbital space infection
Maxillary anterior teeth and first premolar
Masseter space infection
Pericoronitis of mandibular third molar
Pterygomandibular space infection
Apical infection or pericoronitis of mandibular third molar
submandibular space infection
Apical infection of mandibular molars and pericoronitis of third molars
cellulitis of floor of mouth
Ludwig's Angina (Ludwig's Angina)
Purulent or gangrenous apical periodontitis of mandibular teeth or third molar pericoronitis
osteomyelitis of the jaw
Suppurative osteomyelitis of the jaw
central type
Apical infection
borderline
Pericoronitis of mandibular third molar
Maxillary osteomyelitis in infants and young children
Radiation osteomyelitis of the jaw
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
Purulent lymphadenitis in infants and young children
Facial furuncle
facial nerve
V trigeminal nerve
nature
Mixture
Fiber properties
general somatosensory fibers
Special visceral motor fiber
branch
Ocular nerve
act
Entering the orbit through the supraorbital fissure
branch
lacrimal gland nerve
distributed
Tear gland (only concerned with feeling, not moving)
frontal nerve
nasociliary nerve
maxillary nerve
act
Enter the pterygopalatine fossa through the round foramen
branch
infraorbital nerve
Zygomatic nerve
sphenopalatine nerve
Nasopalatine nerve
Incisor hole perforation
anterior palatine nerve
greater palatine foramen penetration
middle palatine nerve and retropalatine nerve
Palatal foramen penetration
superior alveolar nerve
superior retroalveolar nerve
into maxillary tuberosity alveolar foramen
superior alveolar nerve
superior alveolar nerve
mandibular nerve
nature
Mixture
act
Through fossa ovale to infratemporal fossa
branch
Auriculotemporal nerve
buccal nerve
lingual nerve
distributed
Front 2/3 mucous membrane of tongue
inferior alveolar nerve
act
mandibular hole piercing
Dominate
mylohyoid muscle
digastric muscle
masticatory muscle nerve
after injury
Paralysis and atrophy of masticatory muscles on the affected side
When opening the mouth, the mandible points to the affected side
Loss of sensation in ipsilateral facial skin and oral and nasal mucosa
Loss of corneal reflex
VII facial nerve
nature
Mixture
Fiber content
Special visceral motor fiber
Controls facial muscle movements
General visceral motor fibers
control gland secretion
lacrimal gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
nasopalatine mucosal gland
Special visceral sensory fibers
The taste buds in the front 2/3 of the tongue
act
Pass through the bone wall into the facial nerve canal
Exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen
branch
branches within facial nerve canal
Drumline
Fiber content
Special visceral sensory fibers
Distributed in the front 2/3 of the tongue, taste buds
parasympathetic fibers
Distributed in submandibular and sublingual glands
glandular secretion
greater petrosal nerve
nature
parasympathetic
Dominate
lacrimal gland secretion
stapedius nerve
Innervates the stapedius muscle
after injury
Symptoms of facial paralysis
Loss of taste in the front 2/3 of the tongue
Salivation disorders
lacrimation disorder
Hyperacusis
Branches outside the facial nerve canal
after injury
(Symptoms of facial paralysis)
Forehead wrinkles disappear
Can't close eyes
Nasolabial folds become shallower
The corner of the mouth is tilted to the healthy side
Can't bulge cheeks
Drooling while talking
Loss of corneal reflex