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Physiology-Chapter 6 Digestion and Absorption Mind Map
This is an article about physiology - Chapter 6 Digestion and Absorption Mind Map, Overview of Digestive Physiology, Intraoral digestion and swallowing, intragastric digestion, Digestion in the small intestine, etc.
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Physiology-Chapter 6 Digestion and Absorption Mind Map
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- Outline
Chapter 6 Digestion and Absorption
Section 1 Overview of Digestive Physiology
1. Characteristics of digestive tract smooth muscle
(1) General physiological characteristics
1. Low excitability and slow contraction
2. Have self-discipline
3. To be tense
4. Highly stretchable
5. Different sensitivity to different stimuli (not sensitive to electrical stimulation)
(2) Electrophysiological characteristics
1. Resting potential
Mainly potassium ion outflow accompanied by sodium pump activity
2. Slow wave potential
Also called basic electrical rhythm (BER) Originates from the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) between the longitudinal and circular machines of the digestive tract
3. Action potential
Slow calcium channels open and calcium ions flow in.
2. Secretory function of digestive glands
3. Innervation and functions of the digestive tract
(1) External nerves
1. Parasympathetic nerve (vagus and pelvic nerves)
Release acetylcholine Promote movement of the digestive tract and secretion of digestive glands
Release acetylcholine Promote the movement of the digestive tract and secretion of digestive glands, inhibit sphincter contraction
2.Sympathetic nerve
Release norepinephrine Inhibit gastrointestinal motility and secretion and promote sphincter contraction
(2) Intrinsic nerve plexus
Enteric nervous system (two layers) (also called intramural plexus)
submucosal nerve plexus
Participate in digestive tract secretion
myenteric nerve from
Participate in digestive tract movements
4. Endocrinology of the digestive system
(1) APUD cells and gastrointestinal hormones
Gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, motilin
(2) Brain-gut peptide
Section 2 Digestion and Swallowing in the Oral
Self-study
Section 3 Digestion in the stomach
1. Secretion of gastric juice
(1) Nature, composition and functions of gastric juice (Acidic liquid pH 0.9-1.5)
1. Effect of hydrochloric acid (secreted by parietal cells)
2. Pepsinogen (secreted by chief cells) Requires hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen to activate
3.Intrinsic factor (secreted by parietal cells)
Function: Promote the absorption of vitamin B12 Deficiency: megaloblastic anemia
4. Mucus bicarbonate
Function: Mucus-bicarbonate barrier (Protects mucus from damage by hydrochloric acid and pepsin in the stomach)
(2) Cell protection of gastric and duodenal mucosa
(3) Gastric juice secretion during digestion
Cephalic gastric secretion 30% High acidity and pepsinogen content, strong gastric juice digestion ability
gastric secretion 60% acidity and pepsin content are also high, but less than the first phase
Intestinal phase gastric secretion 10% less enzyme
(4) Nervous and humoral factors that regulate gastric juice secretion
1. Main factors that promote the secretion of gastric juice
(1) Vagus nerve
(2) Histamine (Extremely strong gastric acid-stimulating effect)
(3) Gastrin
2. Main factors that inhibit gastric juice secretion
(1) Hydrochloric acid
(2) Fat
(3) Hypertonic solution
3. Other factors affecting gastric juice secretion.
Bombesin, gastric inhibitory peptide, somatostatin, cholecystokinin
2. Stomach movements
(1) Stomach movement patterns
1.Tonic contraction
2. Receptive relaxation
3. Peristalsis (starts in the middle of the stomach)
(2) Gastric emptying and its control
1. Gastric emptying
2. Control of gastric emptying
(1) Intragastric factors promote gastric emptying
(2) Factors in the duodenum inhibit gastric emptying.
(3) Stomach movements between digestions
(4) Vomiting
Section 4 Digestion in the Small Intestine
1. Secretion of pancreatic juice
(1) Properties, components and functions of pancreatic juice (Alkaline liquid. pH 7.8-8.4)
1. Pancreatic amylase
2. Pancreatic lipase
3. Trypsin and chymotrypsin (Intestinal muscle enzyme is a specific enzyme that activates trypsinogen) Trypsin activates chymotrypsinogen
(2) Regulation of pancreatic juice secretion
1. Neuromodulation
Vagus nerve excitement causes pancreatic juice secretion, which is characterized by low water and bicarbonate content but high enzyme content.
2. Body fluid regulation (main)
(1) Secretin
Acts on pancreatic small duct epithelial cells. Secrete large amounts of water and bicarbonate.
(2) Cholecystokinin
2. Secretion and discharge of bile
(1) Properties, components and functions of bile
1. Nature and composition of bile
Organic matter: bile salts (most important), lecithin, cholesterol and bile pigments Inorganic matter:
2. The role of bile
(1) Promote fat digestion
(2) Promote the absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins
(3) Neutralize gastric acid and promote bile secretion
(2) Regulation of bile secretion and excretion
1. Neuromodulation (vagus nerve)
2. Body fluid regulation
Gastrin, secretin (main), cholecystokinin, bile salts
(3) Function of gallbladder
3. Secretion of small intestinal juice
(1) Nature, components and functions of the small intestine (weakly alkaline liquid)
(2) Regulation of small intestinal juice secretion
4. Movements of the small intestine
(1) Movement patterns of the small intestine
1.Tonic contraction
2. Sectional movement
3. Creeping
(2) Regulation of small intestinal motility
(3) Function of ileocecal sphincter
Section 5 Digestive function and other physiological functions of the liver
Self-study
Section 6 Functions of the Large Intestine
Self-study
Section 7 Absorption
1. The site and route of absorption
Location: duodenum and jejunum
2. Absorption of main substances in the small intestine
(1) Water absorption
(2) Absorption of inorganic salts
1.Sodium absorption
2. Iron absorption (absorbed as ferrous ions)
3. Calcium absorption
(3) Absorption of sugar (absorbed as simple sugar)
(4) Absorption of protein (Secondary active transport of amino acids)
(5) Absorption of fat
(6) Absorption of cholesterol (absorbed as free cholesterol)
(7) Absorption of vitamins absorbed in the ileum
3. Absorption function of the large intestine
4. Concept and physiological significance of intestinal microorganisms