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Psychology-Chapter 4 Memory
This is a mind map about psychology - Chapter 4 Memory, including an overview of memory, memory process, forgetting overview, etc. Hope it helps everyone.
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Psychology-Chapter 4 Memory
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
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- Reproductive development of animals
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- Outline
Chapter 4 Memory (frequently tested material questions)
Section 1 Memory Overview
meaning
Things that have been perceived, thought about, and experienced are all the content of memory.
It can become memory content under certain conditions.
It takes three basic steps to complete
based on perception
Classification
Memory content points
image memory
logical memory
emotional memory
motor memory
Whether there is a purpose or not
intentional memory (explicit memory)
unintentional memory (Internal memory)
link
Memorize
type
Is there a purpose?
Unconsciousness (Not with consciousness)
Characteristics: not easily fatigued, passive, accidental and fragmented
Consciousness (Not with consciousness)
Features: Initiative
Whether it is understood by journalists who know it
Mechanical literacy
easy to forget
meaning recognition
eg memorize a poem or an article
Factors affecting memorization
The purpose of memorization
Nature and quantity of memorizing materials
Comprehension of memorization materials
Attitude when memorizing: Positive, focused, attentive, careful perception
Memorization method
memory strategies
Holistic memorization
partial recognition
Comprehensive memorization
method
location memory method
image memory method
associative memory method
Simple association
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Complex associations (meaning associations)
homophone memory method
eg pi: three epilepsy, one temple, one pot and nine
Collaborative participation of multiple senses
Memorization time selection
Keep (Maintenance is the consolidation of memory and the guarantee of recall and recognition)
Factors affecting retention
Level of memorization (multiple choice questions) 100%, 150%, 200%
150% memorization level is the best choice to improve retention effect
Permanence of memory tasks
properties of memory materials
Rest after memorization
Review after memorization
Changes in quantity and quality of content maintained
qualitative characteristics
1. Less important details in the memory content will gradually disappear.
2. Certain plot procedures or processes in the memorized content will be supplemented by imagination to make the memorized content more specific.
Quantitative trends
Keep the amount of content decreasing over time
Memory retrieval phenomenon (usually in children)
The storage of demerit material in the human mind is not a static process. As time goes by, the memory content retained will change both qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative change in the content of the maintenance process is the result of the interaction of old and new information stored in the brain.
extract
remember
eg When students are doing test papers, recall what they have learned (intentional recall) Revisiting old places (unintentional memories)
Whether it has a purpose and requires willpower and effort
intentional recall
no intention of recalling
eg Seeing things and thinking about people, touching the scene and feeling emotional
Is there any intermediary score?
Directly recall eg familiar formulas and texts
Indirect recall eg come up with a formula through a certain question or diagram
Influencing factors
level of information processing
recall method
Use intermediary associations
Use situational association
Proactive and postreactive inhibition
proactive inhibition
eg Learning Chinese Pinyin first affects learning English letters
aftershot suppression
eg Learning English affects Chinese pronunciation
lower inhibition method
increase time interval
Reduce the difficulty of post-study material
Emotional state during recollection
Recognize
eg recognize an old friend
feature
Factors affecting recognition speed and accuracy
The degree of memorization of original things
The similarity between the current thing and the previously remembered thing
Human experience, expected cognitive style
Error recognition performance
If you can recognize it again, you may not be able to recall it. If you can recall it, you can definitely recognize it again.
Section 2 Memory Process
sensory memory (instantaneous memory)
type
image memory
audiovisual memory
Features
Have a distinct image
The retention time is extremely short (the biggest feature)
Image 0.25～1 second Audio and video 1~4 seconds
Large memory capacity
Image 9~20 bits
Sensory memory traces are prone to decay
Short-term memory (working memory, operational memory)
eg remember the verification code
Information processing in short-term memory
The way short-term memory codes stimuli is mainly auditory coding, but there are also visual coding and semantic coding.
Features
The holding time is short, about 5 to 20 seconds, no more than 1 minute
Memory capacity is limited
Capacity: 7_2 chunks
Chunking refers to the processing of information by combining several smaller units into familiar, larger units
Information in short-term memory can be realized
Information can be transferred to long-term memory through repetition
long term memory (permanent memory)
Information processing in long-term memory
Mainly meaning coding, meaning coding has two independent coding systems: representational coding and semantic coding. They are also called dual coding of information.
feature
long lasting
Unlimited capacity
Semantic codes are the primary form of encoding stimulus information in long-term memory
Section 3 Overview of Forgetting
meaning
Classification
degree of forgetting
completely forgotten
not completely forgotten
length of time forgotten
temporary forgetfulness
permanent forgetfulness
process
Ebbinghaus, Germany
The pattern of forgetting shows a trend of fast first and then slow
reason
trace fading theory
interference theory
motivational inhibition theory
cue-dependent forgetting theory
Influencing factors
Nature and quantity of memorizing materials
learning level
Serial positions of memorizing materials
Recognize journalists’ needs, interests, emotions and motivations
memory method
time factor
Ways to overcome
Review in time
Develop a scientific review plan
Review should be frequent and diverse
Regularly use demerit-recognition materials
Correct recognition and recall
Reading and trying to remember
Reminiscing effectively
Using recognition to recall memories
Temporarily stop reminiscing, relax and calm down a little while reminiscing
Section 4 Cultivation of students’ memory
Development characteristics
The overall level of memory is at its best in life
The increasing dominance of conscious memory
Meaningful memory gradually takes advantage
Significant improvement in memory levels for abstract material
Memory span significantly increased
Cultivation method
Memory individual mind-body adjustment strategies
boost self-confidence
Mobilize enthusiasm
Regulate emotional state
Organizational Strategies for Memory Materials
Transformation of properties of memorizing materials
Quantitative simplification
systematization of content
Common memory training
location memory method
image memory method
associative memory method
Simple association
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complex associations
homophone memory method
outline memory method
chart mnemonics
comparative memory
Categorization mnemonics
Song memorization method