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Anatomy - Chapter 2 - Digestive System
This is a mind map about Anatomy - Chapter 2 - Digestive System, including digestive tube, Digestive glands, etc. The introduction is detailed and the description is comprehensive. I hope it can help interested friends learn.
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Anatomy - Chapter 2 - Digestive System
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Reproductive development of animals
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
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digestive system
Digestive tube
separate
Upper gastrointestinal tract: mouth to duodenum
Lower gastrointestinal tract: jejunum to anus
oral cavity
Construction and distribution
Front wall of the mouth - lips, side walls of the mouth - cheeks, roof of the mouth - palate, floor of the mouth, pharyngeal isthmus
Oral vestibule, proper oral cavity
Oral organs
tooth
form and structure
crown, neck, root
Dentin, enamel, cementum, dental pulp
Teething and Teething
Deciduous teeth (20) - deciduous incisors, deciduous canines, deciduous molars
Permanent teeth (32) - incisors, canines, premolars, molars
Baby teeth begin to appear at 7 months of age, starting from 2 to 3 years old. Permanent teeth change at 6~7, and the 3rd molars erupt late - late teeth (wisdom teeth)
tongue
tongue shape
Sublingual caruncle: The top has the common opening of the submandibular gland and the large sublingual gland duct
Sublingual fold: There are sublingual glands on its deep surface
Tongue mucosa: soft palate, epiglottis, contour papillae (largest), fungiform papillae, foliate papillae - subcutaneous mucosa contains taste buds; filiform papillae (smaller) - no taste buds
major salivary glands
Parotid gland: Located in front and below the auricle - the opening of the parotid duct is level with the buccal mucosa of the maxillary second molar - the largest
Submandibular gland: located on the inner surface of the body of the mandible - opening into the sublingual caruncle
Sublingual gland: located deep in the sublingual fold at the floor of the mouth - opening into the sublingual fold - the smallest
pharynx
Nasopharynx - There is a Eustachian tube pharyngeal opening 1cm behind the inferior turbinate (which regulates middle ear air pressure). There is a deep longitudinal groove behind the round pillow of the Eustachian tube and the posterior pharyngeal wall, which is the pharyngeal recess (a common site for nasopharyngeal cancer)
Oropharynx, hypopharynx
esophagus
Distribution: neck, chest, abdomen
narrow
The first stenosis: the continuation of the pharynx and the esophagus - facing the lower plane of the sixth cervical vertebra - 15cm from the central incisor
The second stenosis: the intersection between the esophagus and the left main bronchus - flat between the 4th and 5th thoracic vertebrae - 25cm from the central incisor
Third stenosis: the esophageal hiatus where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm - level with the 10th thoracic vertebra - 40cm from the central incisor
Parts where foreign bodies in the esophagus are prone to stay, and tumors are prone to occur
Stomach
The upper and lower openings: cardia, pylorus - the front and back walls - the greater and lesser curvatures: the greater curvature of the stomach, the lesser curvature of the stomach
Distribution: cardia, gastric body, pylorus. The lesser curvature and pylorus of the stomach are the most common sites for ulcers
Stomach wall structure: internal oblique, middle ring, external longitudinal
small intestine
duodenum
The upper part-contains the duodenal bulb, which is a common site for duodenal ulcers
Descending part-contains the great duodenal papilla, which is the common opening of the common bile duct and pancreatic duct
Horizontal part
The ascending part-contains the suspensory ligament of the duodenum (Treitz ligament), an important landmark to confirm the beginning of the jejunum during abdominal surgery
Jejunum and ileum
the large intestine
The difference from other intestines is that it contains colonic bands, colonic pouches, and intestinal fat flaps.
Cecum, appendix (McFarland's point - the junction of the middle and outer 1/3 of the line connecting the umbilicus and the right anterior superior iliac spine)
colon, sigmoid colon
rectum
Physiological curvature: convex backward - sacral curvature; convex forward - perineal curvature
Rectal folds: about 7cm from the anus. It is a sign of proctoscopy to avoid damaging the rectal folds.
Anal canal: divided into internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids based on the dentate line
digestive glands
liver
Coronary ligament, deltoid ligament, falciform ligament; left lobe of liver, right lobe of liver, bare area
Secrete bile, participate in substance metabolism, detoxification and phagocytosis
Gallbladder: The ampulla of the hepatopancreas opens into the duodenal papilla
pancreatic